kimba

以下是根據美國狗會(AKC)之認可品種而分類為玩具犬種 (Toy Group) 供會員參考，可以對於自己所飼養之狗狗有多一點認識
詳盡資料可以瀏覽其官方網頁：美國狗會(AKC)

品種名稱：
Affenpinscher
Brussels Griffon
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 查理王小獵犬  歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard  History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs
Chihuahua 芝娃娃  歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard  History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs
Chinese Crested Dog
English Toy Spaniel
Havanese
Italian Greyhound
Japanese Chin
Maltese 摩天使    歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard  History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs
Manchester Terrier (Toy)
Miniature Pinscher
Papillon
Pekingese 北京狗    歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard  History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs
Pomeranian 松鼠狗  歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard  History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs
Toy Poodle 玩具貴婦狗   歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard  History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs
Pug 八哥犬  歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard  History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs
Shih Tzu 西施犬  歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard  History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs
Silky Terrier 絲毛爹利  歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard   History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs
Toy Fox Terrier
Yorkshire Terrier 約瑟爹利  歷史  體型  性情  Breed Standard  History  Size  Temperament  Related Dogs



此品種之分類可能跟香港狗會有別 (香港是跟隨英國的標準)

其實，個人認為狗狗是否純種並不重要，最要緊是牠們能與我們建立一個和諧及歡樂之家，令小朋友們知道什麼是責任及關懷，這當然要配合家長們之身教。

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2008-4-2 05:20 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: MBA 香港 狗

kimba

[轉貼及編輯]

品種名稱：北京狗  
英文名稱：Pekingese      
體型分類：小型      
犬種分類：玩賞犬

        
歷史：
北 京犬在古代傳說中是可以驅除惡靈的伯犬, 中國人崇拜它為神, 平民需向此犬行禮. 偷盜該犬將被處以死刑. 皇帝架崩時用此犬培葬, 以保駕皇帝能共同再返來生.鴉片戰爭後, 此犬傳入西方.英軍攻打皇宮時, 為了不使這些小型犬落入"異國惡魔"手中, 皇帝便下令殺死這些北京犬. 結果, 只剩下5只, 被英軍攜帶到英國,其中一隻被送給維多利亞女王, 命名為"洛蒂". 現存英國的北京犬之祖先乃是當時的"戰利品".         

外觀：
北 京犬在古代 稱為獅子或太陽犬，可由這些名稱得知，北京犬具有漂亮的披毛，對外國人而言，北京犬具 有東方的神秘色彩。北京犬的四肢短小、胸部 寬闊，走起路來很穩重，頭部很大，耳間既寬 且平坦。個性溫和活潑，有其頑固的一面，但卻討人喜愛。披毛是長下毛，柔軟無捲曲，任 何毛色皆被認可。其外表顯得威嚴但不會攻擊 人，不過也不會膽小畏縮。

體型：
是短腿的品種，具有滾動式的步法。五官集中於扁平的臉部，長長的鬢毛，看起來像獅子的鬃毛，也是勇敢機警的看家狗

頭部特徵：
頭部寬大, 兩耳間平坦,寬且黑的獅子狀鼻.眉頭角度分明;鼻口部寬大, 起皺;扁平的臉.

頸部及身體：
身材短小, 前肢十分發達, 胸部寬廣且十分擴張, 背部平直, 獅子狀的體型.
短小的四肢,後肢的骨骼較細, 前肢的上半部彎曲.
前肢短，粗且骨骼粗壯。肘部到腳腕之間的骨骼略彎。肩的角度良好，平貼於軀幹。肘部總是貼近身體。前足爪大、平而且略向外翻。必須能好好地站立。
尾根高, 尾巴朝背部捲曲, 並背在背的左邊或右邊.骨骼比前軀輕。後膝和飛節角度柔和。從後面觀察，後腿適當的靠近、平行，腳尖向前。前軀和後軀都要求很健康。

皮毛：
被毛既厚又長, 蓋耳朵.上毛為十分長和粗的直毛, 下毛密厚.耳朵,四肢的後側. 尾部, 腳趾上被毛豐厚的品種較好, 有多種毛色.

顏色：
允許所有的顏色，所有顏色一視同仁。

步態：
步態從容高貴，肩部後略顯扭動。由於彎曲的前肢、寬而重的前軀，輕、直和平行的後肢，所以會以細腰為支點扭動。扭動的步態流暢、輕鬆而且可能像彈跳、歡蹦亂跳一樣自由。

性情：
綜合了帝王的威嚴、自尊、自信、頑固而易怒的天性，但對獲得其尊重的人則顯得可愛、友善而充滿感情。上述特點是北京犬的完美典型。缺陷根據其程度進行評判

缺陷：
達德利鼻、灰色或肝色鼻子；
淺褐色、黃色或藍色眼睛；
牙齒或舌頭外露；
上顎突出式咬合；
歪嘴；
耳位過高，過低或靠後；
脊柱彎曲；
前腿骨骼直。

記分標準：
表情： 5分
鼻子： 5分
止部： 5分
口吻： 5分
腿和足： 15分
尾巴： 5分
頭顱： 10分
眼睛： 5分
耳朵： 5分
身體形狀： 20分
被毛，飾毛和健康情況： 10分
步態： 10分

總計 100分

失格：
體重超過14磅。




Pekingese Breed Standard
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 24
Family: companion
Area of Origin: China
Date of Origin: ancient times
Original Function: lap dog
Today's Function: companion
Avg Size of male: Height: 6-9 Weight: <14
Avg Size of Female: Height: 6-9 Weight: <14
Other Name: lion dog, Peking palasthund

Health
• Major concerns: none
• Minor concerns: elongated soft palate, stenotic nares, KCS, patellar luxation, disticiasis, trichiasis, skin fold dermatitis
• Occasionally seen: urolithiasis
• Suggested tests: knee, (eye)
• Life span: 13 – 15 years
• Note: The breed is sensitive to anesthesia and does not tolerate heat well. It is also prone to corneal abrasions. Puppies must often be delivered by Caesarian.

History
The Pekingese owes its existence to the Lamaist form of Buddhism in China, in which the lion was an exalted symbol of Buddha, sometimes appearing in miniaturized form. The Foo dogs then in existence bore some resemblance to a lion and were carefully bred to accentuate this similarity. In fact, these dogs eventually came to be known as lion dogs. Extensive breeding programs fell under the auspices of palace eunuchs, with no expense spared. At the height of their favor (during the T'ang Dynasty from A.D. 700 to A.D. 1000) many of these lion dogs were literally treated as royalty, pampered by personal servants. Smaller Pekingese were called sleeve dogs because they could be carried in the large sleeves of their Chinese masters. In 1860, the British looted the Imperial Summer. Among their loot were five royal lion dogs, which were taken back to England. One was presented to Queen Victoria, and it, along with the other four, caused such interest among dog fanciers that there arose great demand for more of these dogs. Still, their numbers rose slowly, and for decades the Pekingese remained a dog only for the wealthiest of owners. With time, the breed became more readily available and has since suffered from over-popularity. Today its main role is as a companion and show dog.

General Appearance
The Pekingese is a well-balanced, compact dog of Chinese origin with a heavy front and lighter hindquarters. Its temperament is one of directness, independence and individuality. Its image is lionlike, implying courage, dignity, boldness and self-esteem rather than daintiness or delicacy.

Size, Substance, Proportion
Size/Substance - The Pekingese, when lifted, is surprisingly heavy for its size. It has a stocky, muscular body. All weights are correct within the limit of 14 pounds. Disqualification: Weight over 14 pounds. Proportion - Overall balance is of utmost importance. The head is large in proportion to the body. The Pekingese is slightly longer than tall when measured from the forechest to the buttocks. The overall outline is an approximate ratio of 3 high to 5 long.

Head
Face - The topskull is massive, broad and flat and, when combined with the wide set eyes, cheekbones and broad lower jaw, forms the correctly shaped face. When viewed from the front, the skull is wider than deep, which contributes to the desired rectangular, envelope-shaped appearance of the head. In profile, the face is flat. When viewed from the side, the chin, nose leather and brow all lie in one plane, which slants very slightly backward from chin to forehead. Ears - They are heart-shaped, set on the front corners of the topskull, and lie flat against the head. The leather does not extend below the jaw. Correctly placed ears, with their heavy feathering and long fringing, frame the sides of the face and add to the appearance of a wide, rectangular head. Eyes - They are large, very dark, round, lustrous and set wide apart. The look is bold, not bulging. The eye rims are black and the white of the eye does not show when the dog is looking straight ahead. Nose - It is broad, short and black. Nostrils are wide and open rather than pinched. A line drawn horizontally over the top of the nose intersects slightly above the center of the eyes. Wrinkle - It effectively separates the upper and lower areas of the face. It is a hair-covered fold of skin extending from one cheek over the bridge of the nose in a wide inverted V to the other cheek. It is never so prominent or heavy as to crowd the facial features, obscure more than a small portion of the eyes, or fall forward over any portion of the nose leather. Stop - It is obscured from view by the over-nose wrinkle. Muzzle - It is very flat, broad, and well filled-in below the eyes. The skin is black on all colors. Whiskers add to the desired expression. Mouth - The lower jaw is undershot and broad. The black lips meet neatly and neither teeth nor tongue show when the mouth is closed.

Neck, Body, Tail
Neck - It is very short and thick. Body - It is pear-shaped, compact and low to the ground. It is heavy in front with well-sprung ribs slung between the forelegs. The forechest is broad and full without a protruding breastbone. The underline rises from the deep chest to the lighter loin, thus forming a narrow waist. The topline is straight and the loin is short. Tail - The high set tail is slightly arched and carried well over the back, free of kinks or curls. Long, profuse, straight fringing may fall to either side.

Forequarters
They are short, thick and heavy-boned. The bones of the forelegs are moderately bowed between the pastern and elbow. The broad chest, wide set forelegs and the closer rear legs all contribute to the correct rolling gait. The distance from the point of the shoulder to the tip of the withers is approximately equal to the distance from the point of the shoulder to the elbow. Shoulders are well laid back and fit smoothly onto the body. The elbows are always close to the body. Front feet are turned out slightly when standing or moving. The pasterns slope gently.

Hindquarters
They are lighter in bone than the forequarters. There is moderate angulation of stifle and hock. When viewed from behind, the rear legs are reasonably close and parallel, and the feet point straight ahead when standing or moving.

Coat & Presentation
Coat - It is a long, coarse-textured, straight, stand-off outer coat, with thick, soft undercoat. The coat forms a noticeable mane on the neck and shoulder area with the coat on the remainder of the body somewhat shorter in length. A long and profuse coat is desirable providing it does not obscure the shape of the body. Long feathering is found on toes, backs of the thighs and forelegs, with longer fringing on the ears and tail. Presentation - Presentation should accentuate the natural outline of the Pekingese. Any obvious trimming or sculpting of the coat, detracting from its natural appearance, should be severely penalized.

Color
All coat colors and markings are allowable and of equal merit. A black mask or a self-colored face is equally acceptable. Regardless of coat color the exposed skin of the muzzle, nose, lips and eye rims is black.

Gait
It is unhurried, dignified, free and strong, with a slight roll over the shoulders. This motion is smooth and effortless and is as free as possible from bouncing, prancing or jarring. The rolling gait results from a combination of the bowed forelegs, well laid back shoulders, full broad chest and narrow light rear, all of which produce adequate reach and moderate drive.

Temperament
A combination of regal dignity, intelligence and self-importance make for a good natured, opinionated and affectionate companion to those who have earned its respect.

Disqualification
Weight over 14 pounds.

The foregoing is a description of the ideal Pekingese. Any deviation should be penalized in direct proportion to the extent of that deviation.

Approved: January 13, 2004
Effective: March 2, 2004

Related Dogs
Brussels Griffon
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 查理王小獵犬
Chihuahua 芝娃娃
Chinese Crested Dog
English Toy Spaniel
Japanese Chin
Maltese 摩天使
Papillon
Shih Tzu 西施犬

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2007-12-19 05:03 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: 英文 MBA 眼睛 狗

kimba

[轉貼及編輯]

品種名稱：玩具貴婦狗（玩具貴賓狗）
英文名稱：Toy Poodle
體型分類：小型
犬種分類：玩賞犬


歷史：
原產法國。
非常敏捷，聰明而優雅的狗，正方形結構、比例勻稱，步伐有力而自信。需要按傳統方式修剪和精心美容，使他具有與眾不同的神態和特有的高貴姿態。起源於15世紀。
以身為標準型貴賓狗的縮小版而聞名；曾被16世紀德國藝術大師丟勒畫入油畫中。
迷你貴賓和玩具貴賓可能是由標準貴賓與馬耳濟斯及哈威那雜交而培育出來的小形品種。標準貴賓本來是被培育成獵犬的，而迷你貴賓和玩具貴賓僅僅是伴侶犬。貴賓犬流行於路易14~路易16時期的法國宮廷，迷你貴賓和玩具貴賓則出現在17世紀的繪畫中。這種狗在18~19世紀的馬戲團中也十分流行。貴賓犬是19世紀末被首次介紹的美國，但直到二次大戰結束後在開始流行，並將最流行品種的榮譽保持了20年。目前，貴賓犬分兩大類：標準貴賓首先是獵犬、其次是寵物犬，而迷你貴賓和玩具貴賓僅僅是寵物犬。兩大類在標準上完全一致，除了大小不同。


外觀：
貴賓狗三個變種中體型最小的一種，除了身高以外，其他各方面都與較大型的親屬一樣。
不會脫毛，所以每6-8周需要修剪一次。


體型：
身高25-28釐米。
體重7公斤。
標準貴賓的肩高標準為大於15英吋，任何肩高低於15英吋的標準貴賓都將被取消比賽資格。迷你貴賓的肩高標準為10~15英吋，任何低於10英吋或高於15英吋的迷你貴賓都將被取消比賽資格。玩具貴賓肩高標準為低於10英吋，任何高於10英吋的玩具貴賓都將被取消比賽資格。只要玩具貴賓和迷你貴賓的比例恰當，其他方面情況相當，小一些的會比較好。比例確保為正方形，體長（從胸骨到臀）的長度等於肩高。前腿和後腿的肌肉及骨量與整體比例勻稱。


頭部:
(1）眼睛：顏色非常深，卵形，距離足夠遠，以造成警惕、聰明的表情。主要缺陷：眼睛圓，突出，大或顏色淺。
(2）耳朵：掛在頭兩邊，耳根位置略低於眼睛。耳朵很長，很寬而且有豐富的飾毛。不過，耳朵上的飾毛不能過長。
(3）頭顱：稍圓，止部淺而清晰。面頰的肌肉和骨骼平。前額到止部的距離與口吻長度一致。
(4）口吻：長，直，精緻，被「雕刻」在眼睛下面。結實，沒有嘴唇。沒有嘴唇的下巴顯得很清晰。主要缺陷：缺下巴。牙：白色，結實，剪狀咬合。主要缺陷：下顎突出式咬合、上顎突出式咬合、歪嘴。


頸部、背線、身軀:
頸部比例恰當、結實、長度足夠使頭能尊貴地高高昂起。喉部皮膚整潔。頸部與結實、肌肉平滑的肩膀結合。主要缺陷：山羊脖子。背線水平，既不傾斜也不塌陷。
身軀：
(1）胸深，寬度適中，肋骨擴張良好。
(2）腰部短，寬，肌肉發達。
(3）尾巴直，尾根位置高，尾巴上舉。斷尾，保留足夠的長度以保證整體輪廓完整。主要缺陷：尾根位置低，捲曲或沒有舉過後背。
前軀:
結實、肌肉平滑的肩膀。肩胛平貼於身體，長度與前肢的上臂一致。主要決點：峻肩膀。從前面看，前肢直而且相互平行。從側面看，肘部正好位於馬肩隆下方。腳腕結實，狼爪可以切除。足爪小，呈卵形，腳趾呈上拱，腳墊厚實。足爪不向內翻或向外翻。主要缺陷：扁平足或八字腳。
後軀:
後軀與前軀平衡。從背後看，後腿直，兩腿相互平行。後膝關節骨骼適當彎曲，肌肉發達；股骨和脛骨長度相等。飛節短且與地面垂直。站立時，只用到後足爪的小部分。主要缺點：牛肢。


被毛:
(1）質地：—（a）捲毛：天然的粗硬毛髮，濃密。（b）披掛：不同長度的毛髮緊緊包裹著身體。身軀、頭、耳朵及鬃毛等部位被毛較長，絨球、手鐲，尾球處毛髮較短。
(2）修剪：—不到12個月的小狗可以剪成「芭比」型。在所有比賽組，12個月以上的貴賓需要修剪成「英國鞍座」型或「歐洲」型。在青年組、母犬組及寵物犬可以修剪成「運動」型。比賽中，貴賓修剪成其他式樣是不受歡迎的。
(a）芭比型：不到一歲的貴賓可以按「幼犬型」修剪。臉、喉嚨及腳和尾巴的毛需要剃掉。可以看見足爪上的毛被完全剃除。尾巴的末端有毛球。其他部分的被毛略做修剪，保留整潔的外觀和流暢的輪廓線條即可。
(b）英國鞍座型：臉上、喉嚨、腳、前腿和尾巴根處的毛髮需要剃除，只在前腳腕部分留有手鐲和尾巴根處留有毛球。後軀留著著由短毛構成的「毛毯」，勾勒出曲線，其他毛髮需要剃除，兩條後腿的部分毛髮剃除，在飛節和後膝關節處留有「絨球」。可以看見絨球以上部分和足爪的毛被全部剃除。身體其他部分的被毛都保留著，但必須照顧到整體外觀的平衡。
(c）歐洲型：臉上、喉嚨、腳、前腿和尾巴根處的毛髮需要剃除，後軀大部分被毛需要剃除，只在臀部留有毛球（可選）。前腿需要留有手鐲、後腿需要留有絨球，腿上和足爪其餘的毛髮全部剃除，可以看見絨球以上部分和足爪的毛被全部剃除。尾巴尖留有毛球。身體其他部分的被毛都保留著，但必須照顧到整體外觀的平衡。
(d）運動型：臉上、足爪、喉嚨、尾巴根處的毛髮需要剃除，在頭頂剪出一個帽子、在尾巴尖留一個毛球。身體其他部分則根據狗的身體輪廓修剪，留大約1英吋長的毛髮即可。也許腿上的毛髮比身上的略長。
所有修剪法中，只有頭飾是可以自由發揮或說是有彈性的地方。毛髮僅需要保留足夠的長度以便修整出輪廓。頭飾是指從止部到後腦這段位置，這是唯一保有彈性的位置。


顏色:
顏色是均勻的單色，與膚色一致。包括蘭色、灰色、銀色、褐色、咖啡色、杏色、奶油色等多種顏色，同一顏色還有多種變化。這種變化通常出現在耳朵或毛領頂端顏色稍深。明確清楚的顏色最理想，當被毛出現自然的陰影時，也不認為是缺陷。褐色和咖啡色貴賓長有肝色鼻鏡、眼圈、嘴唇和深色趾甲及深琥珀色眼睛。黑色、蘭色、灰色、銀色、奶油色或白色貴賓長有黑色鼻鏡、眼圈和嘴唇，黑色或與毛色相配的趾甲及顏色非常深的眼睛。杏色貴賓首選前面描述的顏色，肝色鼻鏡、眼圈、嘴唇加琥珀色眼睛也可以接受，但不理想。主要缺陷：鼻鏡、嘴唇和眼圈著色不完整，或出現錯誤的顏色。顏色班駁的狗屬於失格。被毛顏色班駁說明狗的皮膚不是單一的、均勻的顏色，至少有兩種以上的顏色。


步態:
方向保持筆直，小跑，步伐輕鬆、輕快。後軀驅動力強。頭和尾都高高昂起。健康、輕鬆的動作很重要。


性情：
非常敏捷，聰明而優雅的狗，正方形結構、比例勻稱，步伐有力而自信。需要按傳統方式修剪和精心美容，使他具有與眾不同的神態和特有的高貴姿態。忠誠，喜歡交際。非常驕傲、活躍、聰明，貴賓具有與眾不同的神態和特有的高貴姿態。主要缺陷：膽怯或神經質。


失格:
體型—大於或小於身高極限；修剪—按上面列出的修剪方式以外的方式修剪；顏色—顏色班駁的狗都屬於失格。


評分:
整體外觀、氣質、舉止、狀態          30分
頭部、表情、耳朵、眼睛、牙齒       20分
身軀、頸部、腿、足爪、尾巴          20分
步態                                           20分
被毛、顏色和質地                         10分


標準通過日期：1984年8月14日
標準修正日期：1990年3月27






Poodle Breed Standard
Non-Sporting Group
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 8
Family: water dog, companion
Area of Origin: Central Europe
Date of Origin: 1500s
Original Function: lap dog
Today's Function: companion
Avg Size of male: Height: <10 Weight: 4-8
Avg Size of Female: Height: <10 Weight: 4-8
Other Name: caniche
The Standard for the Poodle (Toy variety) is the same as for the Standard and Minature varieties except as regards heights.

Health
• Major concerns: PRA, patellar luxation, Legg – Perthes, epilepsy
• Minor concerns: trichiasis, entropion, lacrimal duct atresia, cataracts
• Occasionally seen: urolithiasis, intervertebral disc degeneration
• Suggested tests: eye, knee, hip
• Life span: 12 – 14 years

History
Although the poodle is most often identified with France, its earliest ancestors were probably curly-coated dogs from central Asia that assisted with herding and followed many routes into various parts of Europe. Interwoven in their ancestry are also several rough-coated water dogs. Perhaps the earliest incarnation of the poodle was the barbet, a curly-coated dog distributed in France, Russia, Hungary and elsewhere. It is the German version, however, that exerted most influence on the modern poodle. In fact, the word poodle comes from the German word pfudel, meaning "puddle" or "to splash," probably reflecting the dog's water abilities. In France, it was known as caniche or chien canard, both referring to its duck-hunting abilities. Thus, from herding and water roots the poodle became a talented water-hunting companion. The poodle was also drawn into service as a military dog, guide dog, guard dog, wagon puller for performers and, eventually, as a circus performer. Its coat was shorn close to facilitate swimming, but left slightly longer on the chest for warmth in cold water. Although some believe the puffs of hair around the leg joints and tail tip were for protection when hunting, compelling evidence suggests that they arose as decoration during the poodle's performing days. The poodle found favor as an elegant companion for fashionable ladies. It became favored by French aristocracy and eventually became the national dog of France. Its characteristic clip was accentuated, and a successful effort was made to perfect the smaller specimens. Poodles entered the show ring in the late 1800s. Some of the early show poodles were shown in corded coats, in which the hair is allowed to mat in long thin tresses rather than be brushed out. While eye-catching, the upkeep was difficult and the trend died out by the early 1900s, being replaced by the bouffant styles still in vogue. At the same time poodle popularity in America waned, so that by the late 1920s, poodles had almost

General Appearance, Carriage and Condition
That of a very active, intelligent and elegant-appearing dog, squarely built, well proportioned, moving soundly and carrying himself proudly. Properly clipped in the traditional fashion and carefully groomed, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Size
[iThe Standard Poodle  is over 15 inches at the highest point of the shoulders. Any Poodle which is 15 inches or less in height shall be disqualified from competition as a Standard Poodle.

Poodle (Miniature) The Miniature Poodle  is 15 inches or under at the highest point of the shoulders, with a minimum height in excess of 10 inches. Any Poodle which is over 15 inches or is 10 inches or less at the highest point of the shoulders shall be disqualified from competition as a Miniature Poodle.

The Toy Poodle  is 10 inches or under at the highest point of the shoulders. Any Poodle which is more than 10 inches at the highest point of the shoulders shall be disqualified from competition as a Toy Poodle.

As long as the Toy Poodle is definitely a Toy Poodle, and the Miniature Poodle a Miniature Poodle, both in balance and proportion for the Variety, diminutiveness shall be the deciding factor when all other points are equal.

Proportion - To insure the desirable squarely built appearance, the length of body measured from the breastbone to the point of the rump approximates the height from the highest point of the shoulders to the ground.

Poodle (Toy) Substance - Bone and muscle of both forelegs and hindlegs are in proportion to size of dog.

Head and Expression
(a) Eyes-- very dark, oval in shape and set far enough apart and positioned to create an alert intelligent expression. Major fault: eyes round, protruding, large or very light.

(b) Ears-- hanging close to the head, set at or slightly below eye level. The ear leather is long, wide and thickly feathered; however, the ear fringe should not be of excessive length.

(c) Skull-- moderately rounded, with a slight but definite stop. Cheekbones and muscles flat. Length from occiput to stop about the same as length of muzzle.

(d) Muzzle-- long, straight and fine, with slight chiseling under the eyes. Strong without lippiness. The chin definite enough to preclude snipiness. Major fault: lack of chin. Teeth-- white, strong and with a scissors bite. Major fault: undershot, overshot, wry mouth.

Neck, Topline, Body

Neck well proportioned, strong and long enough to permit the head to be carried high and with dignity. Skin snug at throat. The neck rises from strong, smoothly muscled shoulders. Major fault: ewe neck.

The topline  is level, neither sloping nor roached, from the highest point of the shoulder blade to the base of the tail, with the exception of a slight hollow just behind the shoulder.

Body
(a) Chest deep and moderately wide with well sprung ribs. (b) The loin is short, broad and muscular. (c) Tail straight, set on high and carried up, docked of sufficient length to insure a balanced outline. Major fault: set low, curled, or carried over the back.

Forequarters
Strong, smoothly muscled shoulders. The shoulder blade is well laid back and approximately the same length as the upper foreleg. Major fault: steep shoulder.

(a) Forelegs - Straight and parallel when viewed from the front. When viewed from the side the elbow is directly below the highest point of the shoulder. The pasterns are strong. Dewclaws may be removed.

Feet - The feet are rather small, oval in shape with toes well arched and cushioned on thick firm pads. Nails short but not excessively shortened. The feet turn neither in nor out. Major fault: paper or splay foot.

Hindquarters
The angulation of the hindquarters balances that of the forequarters.

(a) Hind legs straight and parallel when viewed from the rear. Muscular with width in the region of the stifles which are well bent; femur and tibia are about equal in length; hock to heel short and perpendicular to the ground. When standing, the rear toes are only slightly behind the point of the rump. Major fault: cow-hocks.

Coat
(a) Quality--(1) Curly: of naturally harsh texture, dense throughout. (2) Corded: hanging in tight even cords of varying length; longer on mane or body coat, head, and ears; shorter on puffs, bracelets, and pompons.

(b) Clip-- A Poodle under 12 months may be shown in the "Puppy" clip. In all regular classes, Poodles 12 months or over must be shown in the "English Saddle" or "Continental" clip. In the Stud Dog and Brood Bitch classes and in a non-competitive Parade of Champions, Poodles may be shown in the "Sporting" clip. A Poodle shown in any other type of clip shall be disqualified.

(1) "Puppy"--A Poodle under a year old may be shown in the "Puppy" clip with the coat long. The face, throat, feet and base of the tail are shaved. The entire shaven foot is visible. There is a pompon on the end of the tail. In order to give a neat appearance and a smooth unbroken line, shaping of the coat is permissible. (2) "English Saddle"--In the "English Saddle" clip the face, throat, feet, forelegs and base of the tail are shaved, leaving puffs on the forelegs and a pompon on the end of the tail. The hindquarters are covered with a short blanket of hair except for a curved shaved area on each flank and two shaved bands on each hindleg. The entire shaven foot and a portion of the shaven leg above the puff are visible. The rest of the body is left in full coat but may be shaped in order to insure overall balance. (3) "Continental"--In the "Continental" clip, the face, throat, feet, and base of the tail are shaved. The hindquarters are shaved with pompons (optional) on the hips. The legs are shaved, leaving bracelets on the hindlegs and puffs on the forelegs. There is a pompon on the end of the tail. The entire shaven foot and a portion of the shaven foreleg above the puff are visible. The rest of the body is left in full coat but may be shaped in order to insure overall balance. (4) "Sporting"--In the "Sporting" clip, a Poodle shall be shown with face, feet, throat, and base of tail shaved, leaving a scissored cap on the top of the head and a pompon on the end of the tail. The rest of the body, and legs are clipped or scissored to follow the outline of the dog leaving a short blanket of coat no longer than one inch in length. The hair on the legs may be slightly longer than that on the body.

In all clips the hair of the topknot may be left free or held in place by elastic bands. The hair is only of sufficient length to present a smooth outline. "Topknot" refers only to hair on the skull, from stop to occiput. This is the only area where elastic bands may be used.

Color
The coat is an even and solid color at the skin. In blues, grays, silvers, browns, cafe-au-laits, apricots and creams the coat may show varying shades of the same color. This is frequently present in the somewhat darker feathering of the ears and in the tipping of the ruff. While clear colors are definitely preferred, such natural variation in the shading of the coat is not to be considered a fault. Brown and cafe-au-lait Poodles have liver-colored noses, eye-rims and lips, dark toenails and dark amber eyes. Black, blue, gray, silver, cream and white Poodles have black noses, eye-rims and lips, black or self colored toenails and very dark eyes. In the apricots while the foregoing coloring is preferred, liver-colored noses, eye-rims and lips, and amber eyes are permitted but are not desirable. Major fault: color of nose, lips and eye-rims incomplete, or of wrong color for color of dog.

Parti-colored dogs shall be disqualified. The coat of a parti-colored dog is not an even solid color at the skin but is of two or more colors.

Gait
A straightforward trot with light springy action and strong hindquarters drive. Head and tail carried up. Sound effortless movement is essential.

Temperament
Carrying himself proudly, very active, intelligent, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself. Major fault: shyness or sharpness.

Major Faults
Any distinct deviation from the desired characteristics described in the Breed Standard.

Disqualifications
Size-- A dog over or under the height limits specified shall be disqualified. Clip-- A dog in any type of clip other than those listed under coat shall be disqualified. Parti-colors-- The coat of a parti-colored dog is not an even solid color at the skin but of two or more colors. Parti-colored dogs shall be disqualified.

Value of Points
General appearance, temperament, carriage and condition.......30
Head, expression, ears, eyes and teeth.......20
Body, neck, legs, feet and tail.......20
Gait.......20
Coat, color and texture.......10

Approved August 14, 1984
Reformatted March 27, 1990

Related Dogs
Havanese
Japanese Chin
Maltese  摩天使
Poodle (Standard)

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2007-12-19 05:04 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: 美容 脫毛 英文 MBA 寵物 運動 眼睛 保證

kimba

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品種名稱：芝娃娃(吉娃娃)         
英文名稱：Chihuahua
體型分類：小型
犬種分類：玩賞犬



歷史：
原產墨西哥。
起源於18世紀。
吉娃娃從墨西哥傳到美國後到1898年的歷史至今不清.有人確定此犬原產於南美,初期被印加族人視為神聖的犬種,後來傳到阿斯提克族.也有人認為此犬是隨西班牙的侵略者到達新世界的品種,或者在19世紀初期,從中國傳入的.總之,吉娃娃犬的確切來源眾說不一.這些想像中的根據來自托爾提克族時代的修道院之雕像以及在墨西哥發掘的小型犬骨骸.根據中國冠章上的犬像,則認為此犬來自遙遠的亞洲.以上各種判斷,可以說明此犬絕非源自一種品種,而是自古以來就是由多種品種交配而來的.


外觀：
1904年吉娃娃才首次記載於美國愛犬總編上，還不到一百年的時間，就因迷你的身材及惹人憐愛的表情而大受歡迎。其體毛包括滑須短毛型和長毛型二種，色澤則多樣化。雖然嬌小但絕非不健康，是容易飼養的犬種。


體型：
身高15-23釐米。
體重1-3公斤。重量最好不超過6磅。身體的比例為長方形；所以從肩到臀的長度略大於肩高。雄性的身體稍短一些比較理想。體重超過6磅既為失格。

頭部特徵：
最好是圓形的"蘋果形"腦袋。表情漂亮。眼睛很大而不突出，勻稱，最好呈現明亮的黑色或紅色（淡黃色或白色的狗允許有白色眼睛）。耳朵大，立耳，在警覺時更保持直立，但是休息時，耳朵會分開，兩耳之間呈45度角。口吻較短，略尖。黑色、蘭色和巧克力色的品種，鼻子顏色都與自己的體色一致。淡黃色的品種允許有粉色鼻子。剪狀咬合或鉗狀咬合。上顎突出或下頜突出是嚴重的缺陷。剪耳將被取消比賽資格。


頸部及身體：
頸部略有弧度，完美地與肩結合。背線水平。渾圓的肋骨支撐起胸腔，使身體結實有力（但不能形成桶狀胸）。尾巴長短適中，呈鐮刀狀高舉或向外，或者卷在背上，尾尖剛好觸到後背（決不能夾在兩腿間）。短尾或斷尾屬於失格。
肩窄，向下漸漸變寬，前腿直，使肘部活動不受約束。肩應該向上，平衡且堅固，向背部傾斜（肩不能向下或太低）。寬胸和健壯的前半身，但決不能象"鬥牛犬"的胸。足纖細，腳趾在秀麗的小腳上恰倒好處分開，但不能分的太開，腳墊厚實（不能象兔足或貓足）。腳腕纖細。

肌肉強健，距離適當，不太靠裡或太靠外，向下看，強壯且堅固。足同前肢。


皮毛：
短毛型的被毛質地非常柔軟，緊密和光滑（毛量足夠大時允許有底毛）。被毛覆蓋犬身並有毛領尾佳，且頭部和耳朵上被毛稀疏。尾巴上的毛髮類似皮毛。長毛型被毛質地柔軟，平整或略曲，最好有底毛。耳朵邊緣有飾毛（如果耳朵比較薄，而飾毛比較多，耳朵可能會略下前傾，但決不能向下）。尾巴豐滿且長（羽狀毛）。理想情況是：腳和腿上有飾毛、後退有短褲、脖子上有毛領。長毛型失格：被毛稀疏，近乎赤裸。


顏色：
任何顏色，斑塊或斑點


步態：
吉娃娃動作迅速、堅定，具有很強的後軀驅動力。從後面看，後腿間始終保持相互平行，後腳落腳點始終緊跟前腳。前後腿都傾向於向重力中心線略靠，使速度加快。從側面看，前軀導向配合後軀驅動，昂首闊步。行動中，背線保持水平、穩定。文雅而且不費力，前肢舒展、結實，後軀推動力強。從側面看時，步幅恰當，從正面和後面看時，行走呈直線，這是因為具有健全的骨骼及肌肉的原因。


性情：
大膽，頑皮，警惕，類似梗類犬的氣質。


失格：
體重超過6磅；耳朵不能豎立或剪耳；短尾或剪尾；長毛型被毛稀疏，近乎赤裸。


標準通過日期：1990年9月11日
標準執行日期：1990年10月30日



Chihuahua Breed Standard
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 10
Family: companion, Southern (pariah)
Area of Origin: Mexico
Date of Origin: 1500s
Original Function: ceremonial
Today's Function: companion
Avg Size of male: Height: 6-9 Weight: <6
Avg Size of Female: Height: 6-9 Weight: <6
Other Name: none

Health
• Major concerns: none
• Minor concerns: pulmonic stenosis, hydrocephalus, patellar luxation, KCS,
hypoglycemia
• Occasionally seen: none
• Suggested tests: cardiac, knee
• Life span: 14 – 18 years
• Note: A soft spot (molera) in the skull (due to incomplete fontanel closure) is a common
breed trait.

History
The smallest breed of dog, the Chihuahua has a controversial history. One theory holds that it originated in China and was brought to the New World by Spanish traders, where it was then crossed with small native dogs. The other theory contends that it originated entirely in Central and South America, descending from the native Techichi, a small mute dog that was sometimes sacrificed in Toltec religious rituals. A small red dog was believed to guide the soul to the underworld, and every Aztec family kept such a dog, which was sacrificed and buried with any deceased family member. To make matters worse for the Techichi, the Toltecs and their conquerors, the Aztecs, often ate dogs and the Techichi may have sometimes been on the menu. Despite what may have been short lives, Techichis apparently were well-cared for during life by the priests or their families. In fact, the most likely origin of the Chihuahua is a combination of these theories: The native Techichi was probably crossed with tiny hairless Chinese dogs, but again the date when this occurred is controversial. The Chinese dogs may have been brought over when a land bridge spanned the Bering Strait, or they may have been brought later by Spanish traders. When Cortes conquered the Aztecs in the 16th century, the little dogs were abandoned and left to fend for themselves. About 300 years later, in 1850, three tiny dogs were found in Chihuahua, Mexico. A few were brought to the United States, but they aroused only moderate attention. Only when Xavier Cugat ("the rhumba king") appeared in public with a Chihuahua as his constant companion did the breed capture the public's hearts. It experienced a meteoric rise in popularity and has continued as one of America's most popular breeds.


General Appearance
A graceful, alert, swift-moving little dog with saucy expression, compact, and with terrier-like qualities of temperament.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Weight - A well balanced little dog not to exceed 6 pounds. Proportion - The body is off-square; hence, slightly longer when measured from point of shoulder to point of buttocks, than height at the withers. Somewhat shorter bodies are preferred in males. Disqualification - Any dog over 6 pounds in weight.

Head
A well rounded "apple dome" skull, with or without molera. Expression - Saucy. Eyes - Full, but not protruding, balanced, set well apart-luminous dark or luminous ruby. (Light eyes in blond or white-colored dogs permissible.) Ears - Large, erect type ears, held more upright when alert, but flaring to the sides at a 45 degree angle when in repose, giving breadth between the ears. Muzzle - Moderately short, slightly pointed. Cheeks and jaws lean. Nose - Self-colored in blond types, or black. In moles, blues, and chocolates, they are self-colored. In blond types, pink nose permissible. Bite - Level or scissors. Overshot or undershot bite, or any distortion of the bite or jaw, should be penalized as a serious fault. Disqualifications - Broken down or cropped ears.

Chihuahua (Long Coat) Neck, Topline, Body
Neck - Slightly arched, gracefully sloping into lean shoulders. Topline - Level. Body - Ribs rounded and well sprung (but not too much "barrel-shaped"). Tail - Moderately long, carried sickle either up or out, or in a loop over the back, with tip just touching the back. (Never tucked between legs.) Disqualifications - Cropped tail, bobtail.

Forequarters
Shoulders - Lean, sloping into a slightly broadening support above straight forelegs that set well under, giving a free play at the elbows. Shoulders should be well up, giving balance and soundness, sloping into a level back. (Never down or low.) This gives a chestiness, and strength of forequarters, yet not of the "Bulldog" chest. Feet - A small, dainty foot with toes well split up but not spread, pads cushioned. (Neither the hare nor the cat foot.) Pasterns - Fine.

Hindquarters
Muscular, with hocks well apart, neither out nor in, well let down, firm and sturdy. The feet are as in front.

Coat
In the Smooth Coats, the coat should be of soft texture, close and glossy. (Heavier coats with undercoats permissible.) Coat placed well over body with ruff on neck preferred, and more scanty on head and ears. Hair on tail preferred furry. In Long Coats, the coat should be of a soft texture, either flat or slightly curly, with undercoat preferred. Ears - Fringed. (Heavily fringed ears may be tipped slightly if due to the fringes and not to weak ear leather, never down.) Tail - Full and long (as a plume). Feathering on feet and legs, pants on hind legs and large ruff on the neck desired and preferred. Disqualification - In Long Coats, too thin coat that resembles bareness.

Color
Any color-Solid, marked or splashed.

Gait
The Chihuahua should move swiftly with a firm, sturdy action, with good reach in front equal to the drive from the rear. From the rear, the hocks remain parallel to each other, and the foot fall of the rear legs follows directly behind that of the forelegs. The legs, both front and rear, will tend to converge slightly toward a central line of gravity as speed increases. The side view shows good, strong drive in the rear and plenty of reach in the front, with head carried high. The topline should remain firm and the backline level as the dog moves.

Temperament
Alert, with terrier-like qualities.

Disqualifications
Any dog over 6 pounds in weight.
Broken down or cropped ears.
Cropped tail, bobtail.
In Long Coats, too thin coat that resembles bareness.

Approved September 11, 1990
Effective October 30, 1990

Related Dogs
Brussels Griffon
Chinese Crested Dog
English Toy Spaniel

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2007-12-16 05:02 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: 英文 MBA Trade 眼睛 狗

kimba

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品種名稱：松鼠狗 (博美狗)         
英文名稱：Pomeranian
體型分類：小型
犬種分類：玩賞犬



歷史：
原產德國。
起源於19世紀。
博美犬屬尖嘴犬系品種, 祖先為北極的雪橇犬, 因此, 該犬與荷蘭毛獅犬和挪威糜緹關係密切. 據此犬的最初記載, 此犬來自波蘭及德國沿海交界地的博美拉尼亞地區. 當時, 這些犬被使用於看守羊群. 1750年, 博美犬傳到歐洲各國, 其中包括意大利.當維多利亞女王訪問意大利時, 佛羅倫斯的百姓們贈送女王一隻博美犬, 此犬亦深受女王的寵愛. 早期的博美犬體型較大, 且大多是白色, 19世紀以來, 經過選拔配種而成為今日被毛蓬鬆柔軟, 顏色鮮明的小型犬.


外觀：
博美的毛長且柔軟，以茶色系統為主，此外還有白、黑、雙色等，但大部分是乳黃及狼色。若常梳理、修剪，可使其更為顯眼。


體型：
身高28釐米。
體重2-3公斤。

頭部特徵：
頭部與身體相稱，口吻短，直，精緻，能自由的張嘴卻不顯得粗魯。表情警惕，可以說是有點象狐狸。頭骨密合，頭蓋骨略圓，但不能呈拱形。當從前面或側面看時，能看見位置很高而且豎立的小耳朵。如果想像有一條線從鼻尖出發穿過兩眼中間和耳朵尖，你能發現博美的頭部是呈楔狀的。眼睛顏色深、明亮、中等大小而且呈杏仁狀。它們位於頭骨上顯著的止部兩側。博美的鼻鏡、眼圈呈黑色，除了棕色、河狸色和蘭色博美是與其自身毛色相配的顏色。剪狀咬合。缺齒一顆是可以接受的。主要缺陷：太圓，呈拱形的頭骨；上顎突出；下顎突出。

頸部及身體：
頸部短，其與肩結合的位置正好能使頭高高昂起。背短，背線水平。身軀緊湊，肋骨擴張良好，胸深與肘部齊平。羽毛狀尾巴是這一品種的特徵之一，直直地平放在背後。
博美的肩膀足夠靠後，使頸部和頭能高高昂起。肩膀和腿的肌肉適度發達。肩胛的長度與上臂相等。前腿直而且相互平行。從肘部到馬肩隆的長度與從肘部到地面的長度大致相等。腕部直而且結實。足爪呈拱形，緊湊，既不向內也不向外翻。趾甲前伸。可以切除狼爪
後腿和臀部與後軀成恰當的角度。臀部在尾巴後面恰當的位置。大腿肌肉適度發達，後膝關節適度傾斜，形成清晰的輪廓。飛節與地面垂直，腿骨直，而且兩條後腿相互平行。足爪呈拱形，緊湊，既不向內也不向外翻。趾甲前伸。如果後腿有狼爪，可以切除。


皮毛：
博美犬具有雙層被毛，底毛柔軟而濃密。披毛長、直、光亮而且質地粗硬。厚厚的底毛支撐起外層披毛，使其能豎立在博美的身體上。脖子、肩膀前面和前胸的被毛濃密，在肩和胸前形成裝飾。頭部和腿部的被毛比身體其他部分的被毛短，緊貼身體。前肢的飾毛延伸到腳腕，尾巴上佈滿長、粗硬、散開且直的被毛。為了使輪廓清晰整潔而做的修剪是允許的。主要缺陷：被毛軟、平、稀。


顏色：
所有的顏色、圖案、變化都可以接受，並一視同仁。圖案：褐色和棕色-清晰的棕色或鐵鏽色斑紋位於眼睛上面、口吻、喉部和前胸、腿和爪子及尾巴後面。棕色多一些比較理想；斑點：基本顏色是金色、紅色或橘色斑點，上面不滿黑色十字斑紋；顏色搭配：白色加其他顏色斑紋，頭部有白筋比較理想。分類：在專業比賽中，把顏色分為幾類：紅色類包括紅色、橘色、奶油色和紫貂色；黑色類包括黑色、褐色和蘭色；其他顏色類包括了其他任何顏色和圖案或變化。


步態：
博美的步態流暢、輕鬆、和諧而且活潑。良好的前軀導向和有力的後軀驅動。每一側的後腿都與前腿在同一直線上移動。腿略向身體中心線會聚，以達到平衡。前腿和後腿既不向內也不向外翻，背線保持水平而且整體輪廓保持平衡。


性情：
友善，積極。



Pomeranian Breed Standard
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 13
Family: spitz, Northern (companion)
Area of Origin: Germany
Date of Origin: 1800s
Original Function: companion
Today's Function: companion
Avg Size of male: Height: 8-11 Weight: 3-7
Avg Size of Female: Height: 8-11 Weight: 3-7
Other Name: none

Health
• Major concerns: patellar luxation
• Minor concerns: open fontanel, hypoglycemia, shoulder luxation, PRA, entropion
• Occasionally seen: tracheal collapse, PDA
• Suggested tests: knee, eye, (cardiac)
• Life span: 12 – 16 years

History
The smallest member of the spitz family, the Pomeranian boasts tough sledding dog ancestors. Exactly when it began to be bred down in size is not known; nor is it known exactly where this miniaturization took place, although Germany, and specifically, Pomerania, is the most likely locale. The breed's likely ancestor was the Deutscher spitz. Only when the breed was taken to England was it dubbed the Pomeranian, but these early dogs were not the "Poms" known today. They weighed as much as 30 pounds and were often white. In fact, the Japanese spitz closely resembles these early Pomeranians and very likely descends from them. Although the Pomeranian was recognized by the English Kennel Club in 1870, it was not until Queen Victoria brought a Pomeranian from Italy that its popularity grew. The queen's Pomeranians were rather large gray dogs, and even then most fanciers preferred smaller, more colorful specimens. By 1900, Poms had been recognized by the AKC, and dogs were being shown in both England and America in an array of colors. The Pomeranian has continued to be bred down in size; at the same time, an emphasis on coat has led to its unsurpassed "puffball" appearance. This miniature sled dog always attracts admirers and is a very popular pet and show dog.


General Appearance
The Pomeranian is a compact, short-backed, active toy dog. He has a soft, dense undercoat with a profuse harsh-textured outer coat. His heavily plumed tail is set high and lies flat on his back. He is alert in character, exhibits intelligence in expression, is buoyant in deportment, and is inquisitive by nature. The Pomeranian is cocky, commanding, and animated as he gaits. He is sound in composition and action.

Size, Proportion, Substance
The average weight of the Pomeranian is from 3 to 7 pounds, with the ideal weight for the show specimen being 4 to 6 pounds. Any dog over or under the limits is objectionable. However, overall quality is to be favored over size. The distance from the point of shoulder to the point of buttocks is slightly shorter than from the highest point of the withers to the ground. the distance from the brisket to the ground is half the height at the withers. He is medium-boned, and the length of his legs is in proportion to a well-balanced frame. When examined, he feels sturdy.

Head
The head is in balance with the body. The muzzle is rather short, straight, fine, free of lippiness and never snipey. His expression is alert and may be referred to as fox-like. The skull is closed. The top of the skull is slightly rounded, but not domed. When viewed from the front and side, one sees small ears which are mounted high and carried erect. To form a wedge, visualize a line from the tip of the nose ascending through the center of the eyes and the tip of the ears. The eyes are dark, bright, medium in size and almond-shaped. They are set well into the skull on either side of a well-pronounced stop. The pigmentation is black on the nose and eye rims except self-colored in brown, beaver, and blue dogs. The teeth meet in a scissors bite. One tooth out of alignment is acceptable. Major Faults: Round, domed skull; under-shot mouth; overshot mouth.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is short with its base set well into the shoulders to allow the head to be carried high. The back is short with a level topline. The body is compact and well-ribbed with brisket reaching the elbow. The plumed tail is one of the characteristics of the breed, and lies flat and straight on the back.

Forequarters
The Pomeranian has sufficient layback of shoulders to carry the neck and head proud and high. The shoulders and legs are moderately muscled. The length of the shoulder blade and upper arm are equal. The forelegs are straight and parallel to each other. Height from elbows to withers approximately equals height from ground to elbow. The pasterns are straight and strong. The feet are well-arched, compact, and turn neither in nor out. He stands well up on his toes. Dewclaws may be removed. Major Faults: Down in pasterns.

Hindquarters
The angulation of the hindquarters balances that of the forequarters. The buttocks are well behind the set of the tail. The thighs are moderately muscled with stifles that are moderately bent and clearly defined. The hocks are perpendicular to the ground and the legs are straight and parallel to each other. The feet are well-arched, compact, and turn neither in nor out. He stands well up on his toes. Dewclaws, if any on the hind legs may be removed. Major Faults: Cowhocks or lack of soundness in hind legs or stifles.

Coat
A Pomeranian is noted for its double coat. The undercoat is soft and dense. The outer-coat is long, straight, glistening and harsh in texture. A thick undercoat will hold up and permit the guard hair to stand off from the Pomeranian's body. The coat is abundant from the neck and fore part of shoulders and chest, forming a frill which extends over the shoulders and chest. The head and leg coat is tightly packed and shorter in length than that of the body. The forequarters are well-feathered and thighs and hind legs well-feathered to the hock. The tail is profusely covered with long, harsh, spreading straight hair. Trimming for neatness and a clean outline is permissible. Major Faults: Soft, flat or open coat.

Color
All colors, patterns, and variations there-of are allowed and must be judged on an equal basis. Patterns: Black and Tan - tan or rust sharply defined, appearing above each eye and on muzzle, throat, and forechest, on all legs and feet and below the tail. The richer the tan the more desirable; Brindle - the base color is gold, red, or orange-brindled with strong black cross stripes; Parti-color - is white with any other color distributed in patches with a white blaze preferred on the head. Classifications: The Open Classes at specialty shows may be divided by color as follows: Open Red, Orange, Cream, and Sable; Open Black, Brown, and Blue; Open Any Other Color, Pattern, or Variation.

Gait
The Pomeranian's gait is smooth, free, balanced and vigorous. He has good reach in his forequarters and strong drive with his hindquarters. Each rear leg moves in line with the foreleg on the same side. To achieve balance, his legs converge slightly inward toward a center line beneath his body. The rear and front legs are thrown neither in nor out. The topline remains level, and his overall balance and outline are maintained.

Temperament
The Pomeranian is an extrovert, exhibiting great intelligence and a vivacious spirit, making him a great companion dog as well as a competitive show dog.

Even though a Toy dog, the Pomeranian must be subject to the same requirements of soundness and structure prescribed for all breeds, and any deviation from the ideal described in the standard should be penalized to the extent of the deviation.

Approved December 9, 1996
Effective January 31, 1997

Related Dogs
American Eskimo Dog (Standard)
Chow Chow
Finnish Spitz
Keeshond
Schipperke
Shiba Inu

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2008-2-13 03:40 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: 英文 MBA 眼睛 狗

kimba

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品種名稱：八哥犬 (哈叭狗)         
英文名稱：Pug
體型分類：小型
犬種分類：玩賞犬



歷史：
原產中國。
起源於16世紀。
大約400年前在中國培育，經由荷蘭傳到歐洲，當時曾經相當普及。後來在英國培育改良而成為目前的品種。
也叫八哥犬。
八哥犬究竟是什麼系種？有專家認為，此犬產於蘇格蘭低地，傳到亞洲後邊在由荷蘭商人從遠東地區帶回西方；也有專家認為，此犬是東方犬種，源自北京犬的短毛種，後來和鬥牛犬交配而成；還有人認為八哥犬是法國叫波爾多犬的獒犬的小型類種，並且在許多作品裡畫上八哥犬作裝飾品。維多利亞世代，此犬的知名度達到頂峰。


外觀：
是原產於中國的玩賞犬，全身長滿短毛並且身體健康，是很適於初飼者飼養的狗。其毛色包括銀色、黑色、黃褐色等。


體型：
身高25-28釐米。
體重6-8公斤。


頭部特徵：
頭部大、粗重，不上拱，蘋果頭，前額不後縮。眼睛顏色非常深，非常大，突出而醒目。球狀，眼神充滿安詳和渴望。非常亮，興奮時，充滿熱情。耳朵薄、小、軟、象黑色天鵝絨。有兩種耳形：玫瑰耳或紐扣耳。後者比較理想。皺紋大而深。口吻短、鈍、寬，但不上翹。咬合應該是輕微的下顎突出式咬合。


頸部及身體：
頸部呈輕微的拱形，粗壯，其長度足夠使頭能高傲的昂起。背短，背線水平。身體短而胖，胸寬且肋骨擴張良好。尾巴儘可能卷在臀部以上部位。多重捲曲則更理想。


前軀：
腿非常粗壯，直，長度適中，位於身體下。從側面看，肘部直接安在肩膀下面。腕部結實，既不過分，也不向下。足爪既不像兔足那樣長，也不像貓足那樣圓。腳趾適當分開，黑色趾甲。狼爪通常被切除。


後軀：
粗壯，有力的後軀，後膝關節角度適中，飛節垂直於地面。從後面看，兩條腿相互平行。後軀與前軀平衡。大腿和臀部豐滿而且肌肉發達。足爪與前軀相同。


皮毛：
被毛美觀，平滑、柔軟、短、而有光澤，既不堅硬，也不能象羊毛。 顏色是銀色、杏黃色或黑色。銀色或杏黃色應該清晰，與其他顏色斑紋及臉面顏色對比強烈。


顏色：
斑紋輪廓清楚。口吻或臉部顏色、耳朵、耳朵邊、拇指斑、前肢的菱形斑及背部斑紋可能是黑色的。臉部顏色應該是黑色的。


步態：
從前面看，前軀導向良好，腳腕有力，腳爪撐在地上呈方形，中間的腳趾向前。後軀動作有力、輕鬆。後膝關節及飛節不向裡或向外翻。後腿與前腿處於同一直線。前後肢都自然的略顯收斂。後軀輕微的扭動說明他輕鬆、自信、愉快。


性情：
忠誠，溫柔。
這是一種性情穩定的品種，顯示出安定、開朗、富有魅力、高貴、友善和可愛的性情。


標準通過日期：1991年10月8日
標準執行日期：1991年11月28日



Pug Breed Standard
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 12
Family: companion, mastiff (bulldog)
Area of Origin: China
Date of Origin: ancient times
Original Function: lap dog
Today's Function: companion
Avg Size of male: Height: 10-11 Weight: 14-18
Avg Size of Female: Height: 10-11 Weight: 14-18
Other Name: mops, Carlin

Health
• Major concerns: none
• Minor concerns: elongated palette, stenotic nares, patellar luxation, Legg – Perthes, entropion
• Occasionally seen: epilepsy
• Suggested tests: (eye)
• Life span: 12 – 15 years
• Note: Skin fold dermatitis occurs if wrinkles are not regularly cleaned. The pug cannot tolerate heat and is sensitive to anesthesia. It is prone to corneal abrasion and obesity.

History
The pug has been known by many names: mopshond in Holland (which refers to its grumbling tendencies); mops in Germany, and Dutch or Chinese pug in England. The word pug is derived either from the Latin pugnus, meaning fist, as the head may have resembled a clenched fist, or from the marmoset "pug" monkeys that were popular pets in the 18th century and that the pug dogs somewhat resemble. Whatever the name, one thing is true: The pug's official motto multum in parvo ("a lot in a little") fits it exactly. The pug is somewhat of an exception in the toy group because it is perhaps the only breed to be descended from mastiff forebears. Although its exact ancestry has been lost in antiquity, the pug retains many mastiff characteristics. This is an ancient breed, one of several miniaturized in Asia, where it was a favorite pet of Buddhist monasteries in Tibet many centuries ago. In China, the facial wrinkles were an essential breed feature, most notably the "prince mark," or vertical wrinkle on the forehead, which bore a resemblance to the Chinese character for "prince." Pugs probably came to Holland by way of the Dutch East India Trading Company. They became quite popular and were recognized as the official dog of the House of Orange after one saved the life of Prince William by sounding an alarm at the approach of Spanish soldiers in 1572. By 1790, the pug could be found in France; Napoleon's wife Josephine used her pug to carry messages to Napoleon when she was imprisoned. Pugs were first brought to England during Victorian times and became incredibly popular with the wealthy, displacing the King Charles spaniel as the favored royal breed. Pugs of Victorian England usually had cropped ears, further accentuating their wrinkled faces. Several pugs were brought to England from China in 1886. A year earlier, the breed had been recognized by the AKC. Since that time, it has remained popular as both a pet and show dog.


General Appearance
Symmetry and general appearance are decidedly square and cobby. A lean, leggy Pug and a dog with short legs and a long body are equally objectionable.

Size, Proportion, Substance
The Pug should be multum in parvo, and this condensation (if the word may be used) is shown by compactness of form, well knit proportions, and hardness of developed muscle. Weight from 14 to 18 pounds (dog or bitch) desirable. Proportion square.

Head
The head is large, massive, round-not apple-headed, with no indentation of the skull. The eyes are dark in color, very large, bold and prominent, globular in shape, soft and solicitous in expression, very lustrous, and, when excited, full of fire. The ears are thin, small, soft, like black velvet. There are two kinds-the "rose" and the "button." Preference is given to the latter. The wrinkles are large and deep. The muzzle is short, blunt, square, but not upfaced. Bite-A Pug's bite should be very slightly undershot.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is slightly arched. It is strong, thick, and with enough length to carry the head proudly. The short back is level from the withers to the high tail set. The body is short and cobby, wide in chest and well ribbed up. The tail is curled as tightly as possible over the hip. The double curl is perfection.

Forequarters
The legs are very strong, straight, of moderate length, and are set well under. The elbows should be directly under the withers when viewed from the side. The shoulders are moderately laid back. The pasterns are strong, neither steep nor down. The feet are neither so long as the foot of the hare, nor so round as that of the cat; well split-up toes, and the nails black. Dewclaws are generally removed.

Hindquarters
The strong, powerful hindquarters have moderate bend of stifle and short hocks perpendicular to the ground. The legs are parallel when viewed from behind. The hindquarters are in balance with the forequarters. The thighs and buttocks are full and muscular. Feet as in front.

Coat
The coat is fine, smooth, soft, short and glossy, neither hard nor woolly.

Color
The colors are silver, apricot-fawn, or black. The silver or apricot-fawn colors should be decided so as to make the contrast complete between the color and the trace and the mask.

Markings
The markings are clearly defined. The muzzle or mask, ears, moles on cheeks, thumb mark or diamond on forehead, and the back trace should be as black as possible. The mask should be black. The more intense and well defined it is, the better. The trace is a black line extending from the occiput to the tail.

Gait
Viewed from the front, the forelegs should be carried well forward, showing no weakness in the pasterns, the paws landing squarely with the central toes straight ahead. The rear action should be strong and free through hocks and stifles, with no twisting or turning in or out at the joints. The hind legs should follow in line with the front. There is a slight natural convergence of the limbs both fore and aft. A slight roll of the hindquarters typifies the gait which should be free, self-assured, and jaunty.

Temperament
This is an even-tempered breed, exhibiting stability, playfulness, great charm, dignity, and an outgoing, loving disposition.

Approved October 8, 1991
Effective November 28, 1991

Related Dogs
Bulldog
Bullmastiff
French Bulldog
Mastiff
Pekingese 北京狗
Shih Tzu 西施犬

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2008-2-18 05:35 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: 英文 MBA 眼睛 狗

kimba

[轉貼及編輯]

品種名稱：西施犬        
英文名稱：Shih Tzu
體型分類：小型
犬種分類：玩賞犬


歷史：
原產中國。
起源於17世紀。
西施犬確切的來源至今不明, 但是西藏的喇嘛教卻提供不少線索. 喇嘛教學問之神曼珠休理經常攜帶會變獅子的小型犬. 外形近似獅子的西藏產的拉薩犬被認為和獅子犬關係密切.西施犬在澳洲屬非狩獵犬種, 在英國為實用犬種.
別名：菊花狗（Chrysanthemum）。


外觀：
西施犬是取中文"獅子"的意思. 背毛長垂如鬢. 現今的獅子犬被打扮得漂亮的模樣做看家犬. 以前被飼養在富 麗堂皇的宮殿裡. 中國人由於不喜歡把西施犬當作交易品買賣和輸出, 所以該犬1930年才傳到英國和美國,從此在展示舞台上才大方光彩.


體型：
身高27釐米。
體重5-7公斤。
身高範圍是20.3—27.9釐米，22.9—26.7釐米比較理想。成年犬的理想體重是4.08—7.26千克。比例——身長比身高略長。西施犬既不能顯得瘦高也不能顯得矮粗。結構——無論體形大小，身體必須緊湊，結實，體重適中。


頭部特徵：
鼻口部短且寬, 呈四方形, 鼻子尖端呈傾斜或水平狀, 鼻孔開敞.
耳：大且下垂，背著豐厚的毛。 耳垂和頸部相連部分明顯易見。
鼻口部於頭頂毛佷多。
眼睛大, 兩眼尖距大, 普遍呈暗色,但是如果身體部分或全身為紅 褐色的話，也有淡色的眼睛。為了避免西施犬的眼疾, 必須把頭頂的長毛綁在頂上.


頸部及身體：
身比高長很多, 背部呈水平狀, 胸部寬廣, 肩膀結實. 西施犬 西施犬被毛必須每日梳理，否則，對飼養著和西施犬來說，都十分困難與痛苦。
足部 肉趾與腳的外側間長毛, 足部呈圓形, 看起來很大. 四肢 四肢短小, 肌肉發達, 毛豐厚.
肩的角度良好，平貼於軀幹。腿直，骨骼良好，肌肉發達，分立於胸下，肘緊貼於軀幹。腕部強壯而垂直。狼爪可以切除。腳結實，腳墊發達，腳尖向前。
尾根高, 背著羽毛狀的裝飾毛, 在背上彎曲, 其上揚的高度和頭蓋平高的較受歡迎.後軀角度應與前軀平衡。後腿的骨骼和肌肉都很發達。從後面觀查，腿直。膝關節適當彎曲，兩腿不緊貼，但與前肢成一線。飛節靠近地面，垂直。缺陷：飛節長。狼爪可以切除。腳結實，腳墊發達，腳尖向前。


皮毛：
背毛長且柔軟, 豐厚, 下毛毛質好, 為直毛或波狀毛. 顏色多樣, 而其中以前額有似火焰狀的白班及尾端有白毛的為佳.


顏色：
允許有任何顏色，而且所有顏色一視同仁。
顏色和斑塊——所有的被毛顏色和斑塊類型均可，無好壞之分。


步態：
西施的行走路線直，速度自然，既不飛奔，也不受拘束，步態平滑、流暢、不費力，具有良好的前軀導向和強大的後軀驅動力，背線始終保持水平，自然地昂著頭，尾巴柔和地翻捲在背後。


性情：
獨立，活潑。由於西施犬是家庭的伴侶，它的性情必須外向、快樂、感情豐富、友好和值得信賴。


標準通過日期：1989年5月9日
標準執行日期：1989年6月29日






Shih Tzu Breed Standard
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 9
Family: companion, herding
Area of Origin: China
Date of Origin: 1800s
Original Function: lap dog
Today's Function: companion
Avg Size of male: Height: 8-11 Weight: 9-16
Avg Size of Female: Height: 8-11 Weight: 9-16
Other Name: chrysanthemum dog

Health
• Major concerns: none
• Minor concerns: renal cortical hypoplasia, entropion, trichiasis, PRA, KCS, CHD, otitis externa, portacaval shunt, inguinal hernias
• Occasionally seen: vWD
• Suggested tests: eye
• Life span: 11 – 14 years

History
Shih Tzu (or more properly, Shih Tzu Kou) means "lion dog," designating the breed as one of the most esteemed animals in China because of its association with Buddhism. Even though the Shih Tzu is most often associated with China, it probably originated in Tibet as early as the 17th century, where it enjoyed status as a holy dog. The Shih Tzu, as it is known today, developed most distinctively in China during the reign of Empress Dowager Cixi (Tz'u-shi, 1861 – 1908). The Shih Tzu and Pekingese share similar histories; however, the Shih Tzu can usually be differentiated from the Pekingese in Chinese art by the presence of bumps on the tops of the head, denoting a topknot, or pien-ji. The Shih Tzu was a favored house pet during the Ming Dynasty and was highly prized by the royal family. When the British looted the Imperial Palace, most of the dogs were lost, and the breed suffered a great setback. The Shih Tzu was first exhibited in China as the Lhassa terrier or Tibetan poodle. In 1935, it was exhibited as the Lhassa lion dog; by that time, it was becoming very popular. A similar state of confusion existed in England, where the Lhasa apso and Shih Tzu were both lumped together as the apso (meaning shaggy). In 1934, soon after the apso was first shown, it was divided into two separate breeds, with the smaller, wider-skulled, shorter-nosed dogs from Peking dubbed Shih Tzu, their colloquial Chinese name. In 1952 a single Pekingese cross was authorized to improve certain points, but such crosses have never again been permitted. In the United States, the breed began to become extremely popular in the 1960s, leading to AKC recognition in 1969. Its popularity has continued to grow, and it is one of the most popular toys.


General Appearance
The Shih Tzu is a sturdy, lively, alert toy dog with long flowing double coat. Befitting his noble Chinese ancestry as a highly valued, prized companion and palace pet, the Shih Tzu is proud of bearing, has a distinctively arrogant carriage with head well up and tail curved over the back. Although there has always been considerable size variation, the Shih Tzu must be compact, solid, carrying good weight and substance.

Even though a toy dog, the Shih Tzu must be subject to the same requirements of soundness and structure prescribed for all breeds, and any deviation from the ideal described in the standard should be penalized to the extent of the deviation. Structural faults common to all breeds are as undesirable in the Shih Tzu as in any other breed, regardless of whether or not such faults are specifically mentioned in the standard.


Size, Proportion, Substance
Size - Ideally, height at withers is 9 to 10½ inches; but, not less than 8 inches nor more than 11 inches. Ideally, weight of mature dogs, 9 to 16 pounds. Proportion - Length between withers and root of tail is slightly longer than height at withers. The Shih Tzu must never be so high stationed as to appear leggy, nor so low stationed as to appear dumpy or squatty. Substance - Regardless of size, the Shih Tzu is always compact, solid and carries good weight and substance.


Head
Head - Round, broad, wide between eyes, its size in balance with the overall size of dog being neither too large nor too small. Fault: Narrow head, close-set eyes. Expression - Warm, sweet, wide-eyed, friendly and trusting. An overall well-balanced and pleasant expression supersedes the importance of individual parts. Care should be taken to look and examine well beyond the hair to determine if what is seen is the actual head and expression rather than an image created by grooming technique. Eyes - Large, round, not prominent, placed well apart, looking straight ahead. Very dark. Lighter on liver pigmented dogs and blue pigmented dogs. Fault: Small, close-set or light eyes; excessive eye white. Ears - Large, set slightly below crown of skull; heavily coated. Skull - Domed. Stop - There is a definite stop. Muzzle - Square, short, unwrinkled, with good cushioning, set no lower than bottom eye rim; never downturned. Ideally, no longer than 1 inch from tip of nose to stop, although length may vary slightly in relation to overall size of dog. Front of muzzle should be flat; lower lip and chin not protruding and definitely never receding. Fault: Snipiness, lack of definite stop. Nose - Nostrils are broad, wide, and open. Pigmentation - Nose, lips, eye rims are black on all colors, except liver on liver pigmented dogs and blue on blue pigmented dogs. Fault: Pink on nose, lips, or eye rims. Bite - Undershot. Jaw is broad and wide. A missing tooth or slightly misaligned teeth should not be too severely penalized. Teeth and tongue should not show when mouth is closed. Fault: Overshot bite.


Neck, Topline, Body
Of utmost importance is an overall well-balanced dog with no exaggerated features. Neck - Well set-on flowing smoothly into shoulders; of sufficient length to permit natural high head carriage and in balance with height and length of dog. Topline - Level. Body -Short-coupled and sturdy with no waist or tuck-up. The Shih Tzu is slightly longer than tall. Fault: Legginess. Chest -Broad and deep with good spring-of-rib, however, not barrel-chested. Depth of ribcage should extend to just below elbow. Distance from elbow to withers is a little greater than from elbow to ground. Croup - Flat. Tail - Set on high, heavily plumed, carried in curve well over back. Too loose, too tight, too flat, or too low set a tail is undesirable and should be penalized to extent of deviation.


Forequarters
Shoulders - Well-angulated, well laid-back, well laid-in, fitting smoothly into body. Legs - Straight, well-boned, muscular, set well-apart and under chest, with elbows set close to body. Pasterns - Strong, perpendicular. Dewclaws - May be removed. Feet - Firm, well-padded, point straight ahead.


Hindquarters
Angulation of hindquarters should be in balance with forequarters. Legs - Well-boned, muscular, and straight when viewed from rear with well-bent stifles, not close set but in line with forequarters. Hocks - Well let down, perpendicular. Fault: Hyperextension of hocks. Dewclaws - May be removed. Feet - Firm, well-padded, point straight ahead.


Coat
Coat - Luxurious, double-coated, dense, long, and flowing. Slight wave permissible. Hair on top of head is tied up. Fault: Sparse coat, single coat, curly coat. Trimming - Feet, bottom of coat, and anus may be done for neatness and to facilitate movement. Fault: Excessive trimming.


Color and Markings
All are permissible and to be considered equally.


Gait
The Shih Tzu moves straight and must be shown at its own natural speed, neither raced nor strung-up, to evaluate its smooth, flowing, effortless movement with good front reach and equally strong rear drive, level topline, naturally high head carriage, and tail carried in gentle curve over back.


Temperament
As the sole purpose of the Shih Tzu is that of a companion and house pet, it is essential that its temperament be outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly and trusting towards all.



Approved May 9, 1989
Effective June 29, 1989


Related Dogs
Havanese
Japanese Chin
Maltese 摩天使
Pekingese 北京狗
Pug 八哥犬

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2008-2-5 05:05 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: 花 英文 MBA 眼睛 交易 狗

kimba

[轉貼及編輯]

品種名稱：約瑟爹利 (約克梗)        
英文名稱：Yorkshire Terrier
體型分類：小型
犬種分類：玩賞犬


歷史：
原產地英國,起源於19世紀。

別名蘇格蘭雜毛梗（Broken-haired Scottish Terrier）。因產於英國的約克地區而得名，有近200年的歷史，確實的起源也無法考證。據說是在19世紀由約克郡西里丁礦區的礦工為對付老鼠而培育出來的品種，早期的約克梗體型比較大，現今的約克梗是近年用斯凱梗、丹迪丁蒙梗和馬耳他犬交配繁衍的結果。約克梗體型嬌小，披毛美觀華麗，全身披滿美麗絲狀長毛，特別是頭部用漂亮絲帶加以裝飾，更顯高雅華貴。在英國是飼養最多的犬類，在其它國家也廣泛存在，並越來越受歡迎。1886年英國養狗人俱樂部登記承認，1870年首次制定了該犬種標準，現在執行的是2001年7月修改的標準。約克梗在英國養狗人俱樂部（KC）犬類分組中不是在梗犬組，而是在玩具犬組。


外觀：
約克梗身材矮小,體格堅挺，勻稱，骨骼不肥大，雖然屬於玩具犬，但實際上身體非常強壯結實，背部平直。顱部小而平，口鼻適中，鼻端黑色。中等大小的杏形眼，嵌在臉上看起來就像兩顆寶石，呈暗褐色，眼圈為黑色。表情聰明機敏，充滿朝氣。耳朵小，呈v 字形，耳根比較高，為直立耳，兩耳間距不大。身材矮短．四肢長短適度，挺直且被豐厚的毛蓋著。貓足，爪為黑色。尾巴斷尾，一般剪去三分之二，被長毛覆蓋著，尾跟稍高於背。幼犬背毛為黑色，3--5月齡毛根開始呈蘭色，成年約克梗全身被毛呈絲狀而不捲曲，綢緞般從背部往下披散下來，易於梳理和修剪。口吻部的毛髮也很長。毛色毛質非常漂亮，眩人眼目。頭部、四肢和胸部為黃棕色或金黃色，藍色毛披蓋在頸和背至尾根部分，尾巴毛色呈深藍色，特別是尾端部分。頭毛呈金棕色，在頭側顏色較深，在耳根部及口吻部為深褐色。給人以富有教養，美麗高雅之感。


體型：
身高 23釐米左右
體重 不超過3公斤

頭部特徵：
頭部小而且頂部較平，頭顱不能突起或拱起。口吻不能太長，不能是上顎突出式咬合或下顎突出式咬合，牙齒結實。剪式咬合或鉗式咬合都可以接受。鼻鏡為黑色。眼睛中等大小，不突出；顏色深而明亮，透出銳利而聰慧的目光。眼圈顏色深。耳朵小，V字形，直立耳，耳根位置不能太遠。


頸部及身體：
比例緊湊。背較短，背線水平，肩膀的高度與其他部位相同。在總長度的1/2處斷尾，舉在比後背略高的位置。
前腿直，肘部既不內翻也不能外翻。從後面看，後腿直，而從側面看，後膝關節呈適當的角度。足爪圓，指甲為黑色
後腿如果有狼爪，則必須切除，前腿如果有狼爪，可以切除。


皮毛：
被毛的質地、品質和毛量是十分重要的。被毛有光澤、精緻、象絲一般。身體上的被毛相當長而且十分直（不能有任何波浪狀）。如果希望他能行動自如而且外觀整潔，可以將被毛長度修剪到剛好垂到地面。頭頂的毛髮可以梳到中間結起來，或從中間分開，向兩邊梳，並結成兩個髻。口吻上的毛髮非常長。耳朵上和足爪上的毛髮可以適當剪短，可以使外觀整潔、行動方便。


顏色：
幼犬在出生時的顏色是黑色和棕色，顏色很深。他的顏色是棕色中攙雜著黑色毛髮，直到成年後。對成年狗來的身體顏色來說，在頭部和腿部引有大量的棕色是很重要的。 而下列顏色也是必須的： 蘭色：比較深的鋼藍色，不能有銀藍色、也不能混有青銅色或黑色毛髮。棕色：所有的棕色毛髮都是根部顏色深、而毛尖顏色淺。棕色中不能混合菸灰色或黑色毛髮。從頸部後面到尾根處都是蘭色的，尾巴的顏色是深藍色，尤其是尾尖。在前腿的肘部以下和後腿的膝部以下是大量明亮的棕色。


性情：
約克梗活潑好動，聰明、溫順、友善，動作輕盈敏捷，姿容典雅而尊貴。體形雖小，但是天性相當勇敢，對於巨形的犬種並不膽怯，因為在它的觀念中始終認為自己的身軀相當大，而且對環境的變化相當敏感，因而能負責看護家園的工作。喜歡撒嬌， 對主人忠心、熱情，對陌生人則有所保留。



Yorkshire Terrier Breed Standard
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 6
Family: terrier
Area of Origin: England
Date of Origin: 1800s
Original Function: small vermin-hunting
Today's Function: companion
Avg Size of male: Height: 8-9 Weight: <7
Avg Size of Female: Height: 8-9 Weight: <7
Other Name: none

Health
• Major concerns: portacaval shunt, tracheal collapse, Leggs-Perthes
• Minor concerns: patellar luxation
• Occasionally seen: PRA
• Suggested tests: liver ultrasound, (knee), (eye)
• Life span: 14 - 16 years


History
The Yorkshire Terrier doesn't look like a product of the working class, nor does it look like a ratter, but it is both. In fact, the Yorkshire area of England is known for producing fine animals, and it is thought that the Yorkie was no accident but rather the result of purposeful crosses between a variety of terriers, probably including the Waterside Terrier, Clydesdale Terrier, Paisley Terrier, rough-coated English Black and Tan Terrier, and perhaps even the Skye Terrier, Dandie Dinmont Terrier, and Maltese. The Waterside Terrier was one of its major progenitors; these were small blue-gray dogs with fairly long hair, usually weighing around 10 pounds, brought from Scotland by weavers. Because of its modest roots, the Yorkshire Terrier was initially looked down upon by the wealthier dog fanciers. Even the most snobbish could not deny the breed's obvious beauty, however, and in short order, Yorkies were gracing show rings and the laps of wealthy mistresses. By 1880, Yorkies had come to America, but the breed varied so much in size that there was great confusion concerning how big a Yorkshire Terrier should be. Many of these early Yorkies weighed between 12 and 14 pounds. By 1900, fanciers on both sides of the Atlantic had decided that the small size was preferable and made a concerted effort to breed a smaller Yorkie with even longer coat. They were successful, and the modern Yorkshire Terrier is one of the smaller and most luxuriously coated dogs in existence. These traits, along with its terrier heritage, have placed it as a consistent favorite with pet owners and show fanciers alike.



General Appearance
That of a long-haired toy terrier whose blue and tan coat is parted on the face and from the base of the skull to the end of the tail and hangs evenly and quite straight down each side of body. The body is neat, compact and well proportioned. The dog's high head carriage and confident manner should give the appearance of vigor and self-importance.



Head
Small and rather flat on top, the skull not too prominent or round, the muzzle not too long, with the bite neither undershot nor overshot and teeth sound. Either scissors bite or level bite is acceptable. The nose is black. Eyes are medium in size and not too prominent; dark in color and sparkling with a sharp, intelligent expression. Eye rims are dark. Ears are small, V-shaped, carried erect and set not too far apart.


Body
Well proportioned and very compact. The back is rather short, the back line level, with height at shoulder the same as at the rump.


Legs and Feet
Forelegs should be straight, elbows neither in nor out. Hind legs straight when viewed from behind, but stifles are moderately bent when viewed from the sides. Feet are round with black toenails. Dewclaws, if any, are generally removed from the hind legs. Dewclaws on the forelegs may be removed.


Tail
Docked to a medium length and carried slightly higher than the level of the back.


Coat
Quality, texture and quantity of coat are of prime importance. Hair is glossy, fine and silky in texture. Coat on the body is moderately long and perfectly straight (not wavy). It may be trimmed to floor length to give ease of movement and a neater appearance, if desired. The fall on the head is long, tied with one bow in center of head or parted in the middle and tied with two bows. Hair on muzzle is very long. Hair should be trimmed short on tips of ears and may be trimmed on feet to give them a neat appearance.


Colors
Puppies are born black and tan and are normally darker in body color, showing an intermingling of black hair in the tan until they are matured. Color of hair on body and richness of tan on head and legs are of prime importance in adult dogs, to which the following color requirements apply:
Blue: Is a dark steel-blue, not a silver-blue and not mingled with fawn, bronzy or black hairs.

Tan: All tan hair is darker at the roots than in the middle, shading to still lighter tan at the tips. There should be no sooty or black hair intermingled with any of the tan.


Color on Body
The blue extends over the body from back of neck to root of tail. Hair on tail is a darker blue, especially at end of tail.


Headfall
A rich golden tan, deeper in color at sides of head, at ear roots and on the muzzle, with ears a deep rich tan. Tan color should not extend down on back of neck.


Chest and Legs
A bright, rich tan, not extending above the elbow on the forelegs nor above the stifle on the hind legs.


Weight
Must not exceed seven pounds.


Temperament
The Yorkshire Terrier seems oblivious of its small size, ever eager for adventure and trouble. It is busy, inquisitive, bold, stubborn, and can be aggressive to strange dogs and small animals in other words, it is true to its terrier heritage. Although some tend to bark a lot, it can easily be taught not to do so.


Upkeep
Yorkies tend to exercise themselves within the home, but they also need to have interaction in the form of games. They appreciate a short walk outdoors on leash and enjoy the chance to explore a safe area. This is definitely not a dog that can live outdoors. The long coat needs brushing or combing every day or two.


Disqualifications:
Any solid color or combination of colors other than blue and tan as described above. Any white markings other than a small white spot on the forechest that does not exceed 1 inch at its longest dimension.


Approved July 10, 2007
Effective October 1, 2007


Related Dogs
Affenpinscher
Brussels Griffon
Maltese 摩天使
Manchester Terrier (Toy)
Miniature Pinscher
Silky Terrier 絲毛爹利

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2007-12-29 06:53 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: 英文 MBA 指甲 眼睛 狗

kimba

[轉貼及編輯]

品種名稱：摩天使 (馬耳他犬)         
英文名稱：Maltese Dog
體型分類：小型
犬種分類：玩賞犬



歷史：
原產馬耳他。
起源於公元前500年。
馬耳他犬來自馬耳他島或西西里島,是最古老的品種之一.從公元前13世紀的埃及古墓,可以發現近似此犬的雕像.此犬約公元前55年隨羅馬軍到達英國.中世紀以前,一向是歐洲貴族門的日常伴侶,以後知名度也未曾減過.


外觀：
具有比雄犬血統，一身長絲般的純白色毛，與黑亮的橢圓形眼睛和黑眼眶成鮮明對照。頭部的毛髮上，可能有明顯的檸檬黃斑紋。


體型：
身高25釐米。
體重2-3公斤。


頭部特徵：
與體形大小相比長度適中。顱頂部略呈圓形，額鼻階適度。下垂耳位較低，有大量長毛形成耳緣飾毛，毛下垂至頭。眼距極寬，眼色極深而呈圓形，其黑色眼邊增強了文雅而機敏的表情。吻長適中，精巧而逐漸收縮但不顯長吻狀。鼻黑色。牙齒鉗狀咬合或剪狀咬合


頸部及身體：
頸部最好有充分長度以便頭能高昂。 軀幹緊湊，肩高等於肩峰至尾根長。肩胛斜位，肘部結實並緊貼軀幹。 背線平， 肋骨擴張良好。 胸相當深，腰緊而強，下面略收腹。尾有長羽狀飾毛，優美地位於背上，尾尖向體側超過1/4。腿骨纖細，有良好的飾毛。前腿直，掌節結實，不見彎曲。後腿強健，膝關節和飛節角度適當。腳小而圓，趾墊黑色。腳上參差不齊的毛可修剪使之更整潔。


皮毛：
單層被毛，即無絨毛層。被毛長、平而呈絲狀，向體側下垂及地。頭部長毛可用頭飾紮住或任其下垂。任何纏紋、捲曲或毛茸茸狀跡象都是要不得的。


顏色：
純白，允許耳部有淡黃褐色或檸檬色，但不是最好的


步態：
爾濟斯犬的步態輕快、平穩而流暢、側觀，按體形大小考慮，給人以運動迅速的印象。後腿"X"（飛節向內靠而後腳趾向外）或後腳趾內向或外向的任何跡象都算缺點


性情：
友善，警覺。儘管馬爾濟斯犬體型極小，但卻似乎不知道害怕。它的自信和有感情的反應性是很誘人的。它是所有小犬中態度最溫和的，但它又是活潑愛玩和生氣勃勃的。




Maltese Breed Standard
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 20
Family: bichon, companion, terrier, water dog
Area of Origin: Malta
Date of Origin: ancient times
Original Function: lap dog
Today's Function: companion
Avg Size of male: Height: 9-10 Weight: 4-7
Avg Size of Female: Height: 9-10 Weight: 4-7
Other Name: bichon Maltiase

Health
• Major concerns: none
• Minor concerns: patellar luxation, open fontanel, hypoglycemia, hydrocephalus, distichiasis, entropion
• Occasionally seen: deafness, white shaker-dog syndrome
• Suggested tests: knee, (eye)
• Life span: 12 – 14 years

History
The Maltese is the most ancient of the European toy breeds, and among the oldest of all breeds. The island of Malta was an early trading port, visited by Phoenician sailors by 1500 B.C. Maltese dogs are specifically mentioned in writings as early as 300 B.C. Greek art includes dogs of Maltese type from the fifth century on; there is evidence that tombs were even erected to favor Maltese. Although the dogs were often exported and subsequently widely distributed throughout Europe and Asia, the core population on Malta remained relatively isolated from other dogs, resulting in this distinctive dog that bred true for centuries. Though the Maltese's hallmark is its long, silky, dazzling white hair, early Maltese came in colors other than white. By the early 14th century, Maltese had been brought to England, where they became the darlings of upper-class ladies. Writers of the succeeding centuries continually commented upon their diminutive size. Still, these little dogs were never commonplace, and an 1830 painting entitled The Lion Dog From Malta — Last of His Race suggests that the breed may have been in danger of extinction. Soon after, two Maltese were brought to England from Manila. Although originally intended as a gift for Queen Victoria, they passed into other hands, and their offspring became the first Maltese exhibited in England. At this time, they were called Maltese terriers, despite the lack of terrier ancestry or characteristics. In America, the first Maltese were shown as "Maltese lion dogs" around 1877. The name lion dog probably arose from the habit of dog fanciers, particularly those in Asia, of clipping the dogs to look like lions. The AKC recognized the breed as the Maltese in 1888. The Maltese slowly increased in popularity and now ranks as one of the more popular toys.


General Appearance
The Maltese is a toy dog covered from head to foot with a mantle of long, silky, white hair. He is gentle-mannered and affectionate, eager and sprightly in action, and, despite his size, possessed of the vigor needed for the satisfactory companion.

Size
Weight under 7 pounds, with from 4 to 6 pounds preferred. Overall quality is to be favored over size.

Head
Of medium length and in proportion to the size of the dog. The skull is slightly rounded on top, the stop moderate. The drop ears are rather low set and heavily feathered with long hair that hangs close to the head. Eyes are set not too far apart; they are very dark and round, their black rims enhancing the gentle yet alert expression. The muzzle is of medium length, fine and tapered but not snipy.The nose is black. The teeth meet in an even, edge-to-edge bite, or in a scissors bite.

Neck
Sufficient length of neck is desirable as promoting a high carriage of the head.

Body
Compact, the height from the withers to the ground equaling the length from the withers to the root of the tail. Shoulder blades are sloping, the elbows well knit and held close to the body. The back is level in topline, the ribs well sprung. The chest is fairly deep, the loins taut, strong, and just slightly tucked up underneath.

Tail
A long-haired plume carried gracefully over the back, its tip lying to the side over the quarter.

Legs and Feet
Legs are fine-boned and nicely feathered. Forelegs are straight, their pastern joints well knit and devoid of appreciable bend. Hind legs are strong and moderately angulated at stifles and hocks. The feet are small and round, with toe pads black. Scraggly hairs on the feet may be trimmed to give a neater appearance.

Coat and Color
The coat is single, that is, without undercoat. It hangs long, flat, and silky over the sides of the body almost, if not quite, to the ground. The long head-hair may be tied up in a topknot or it may be left hanging. Any suggestion of kinkiness, curliness, or woolly texture is objectionable. Color, pure white. Light tan or lemon on the ears is permissible, but not desirable.

Gait
The Maltese moves with a jaunty, smooth, flowing gait. Viewed from the side, he gives an impression of rapid movement, size considered. In the stride, the forelegs reach straight and free from the shoulders, with elbows close. Hind legs to move in a straight line. Cowhocks or any suggestion of hind leg toeing in or out are faults.

Temperament
For all his diminutive size, the Maltese seems to be without fear. His trust and affectionate responsiveness are very appealing. He is among the gentlest mannered of all little dogs, yet he is lively and playful as well as vigorous.

Approved March 10, 1964

Related Dogs
Bichon Frise
Brussels Griffon
Havanese
Pekingese 北京狗
Toy Poodle 玩具貴婦狗
Shih Tzu 西施犬
Yorkshire Terrier 約瑟爹利

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2008-2-6 06:00 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: 英文 MBA 運動 眼睛 狗

kimba

[轉貼及編輯]

品種名稱：絲毛爹利 (澳大利亞絲毛梗)         
英文名稱：Australian Silky Terrier
體型分類：小型
犬種分類：梗犬


歷史：
原產地澳大利亞，起源於19世紀。
19世紀末從約克夏梗和澳大利亞梗雜交演變而來，產於澳大利亞悉尼市故別名為悉尼絲梗（Sydney Silky)，作為玩賞犬而培育。起初只在澳洲和印度生存，自1959年被引入美國後不斷得到擴展。在美國以玩賞為目的而備受推崇。


外觀：
體態嬌小輕盈,機敏活潑,擁有典型的梗犬特點。尖耳豎立，眼睛細小。披毛如絹絲一樣從背上等長垂散下來，富有光澤，其長度達12．5釐米左右。一般說來,以頭頂之毛濃密長披，而臉、耳之毛稍短者為好。身體上分佈毛色有藍，黃，灰，銀等，頭後部、身體呈銀色、藍灰色、藍色，眼睛上部，臉頰及四肢呈亮黃色，頭頂為銀色等。


體型：
身高：23∼25釐米
體重： 3.5--4.5公斤。


頭部特徵：
頭部強壯，呈楔狀，長度中等。表情和酷，眼睛小，顏色深，呈杏仁狀，眼圈顏色深。淺色眼睛是嚴重缺陷。耳朵小，V形，耳朵位置高，直立耳，不能出現任何歪斜現象。頭顱平坦，兩眼間距離不是很寬。頭顱相對口吻略長。止部較淺。鼻鏡為黑色。牙齒整齊，剪狀咬合。上顎突出式咬合或下顎突出式咬合都屬於嚴重缺陷。


頸部及身體：
頸部與肩部優雅地結合。長度適中，漂亮，與腦袋有一些角度。背線水平。背線不平屬於嚴重缺陷。胸寬中等，深度與肘齊平。身體位置較低，體長比肩高長約 1/5。體長是指肩膀起始點（或前胸）到大腿最後（臀部終點）的投影。身體太短或身體太長都是缺陷。斷尾，尾根位置高，處於12~2點的位置。
肩角度適中，平貼於上肢上方，前肢的位置恰好位於身體下面。前肢結實、筆直、骨骼纖巧。足爪小，貓足、圓、緊湊。腳墊厚實而有彈性，趾甲堅硬而且顏色深。白色或肉色的趾甲屬於缺陷。足爪筆直向前，沒有內翻或外翻情況。如果有狼爪，必須切除。
大腿肌肉發達、結實，但輪廓不顯得過重。後膝關節角度恰當，飛節低，從後面看，兩腿平行。足爪與前肢相同。


皮毛：
直、單層毛、有光澤、象絲一樣。成年犬的被毛順著身體輪廓下垂。但長度不能靠近地面。頭頂的毛髮很多，形成頭釋，但臉和耳朵的毛髮太長則不受歡迎。頭上、後背到尾根的毛髮需要向兩邊分開。尾巴上的毛髮正好，但沒有飾毛。腿部從腳腕到足爪或從飛節到足爪部分長有短毛。足爪不應該被腿上的毛髮遮蔽。


顏色：
蘭色和棕色。蘭色可以是銀藍、鴿子藍或石板藍，棕色深而豐富。蘭色從頭部延伸到尾巴尖，前腿部分向下延伸到肘部，後腿部分在大腿外側的上面一半。尾巴的蘭色非常深。棕色出現在口吻和面頰，耳根周圍，腿、足爪及肛門周圍。頭飾應該是銀色或比其他棕色地方亮的杏黃色。


步態：
應該是輕鬆、步伐輕快，活潑而且筆直向前。後軀驅動力強，足尖向內或向外翻屬於缺陷。


性情：
開朗活潑生氣勃勃又小心懂慎，友善容易親近





Silky Terrier Breed Standard
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 68
Family: terrier
Area of Origin: Australia
Date of Origin: Late 1800s
Original Function: companion, small-vermin hunting
Today's Function: earthdog trials
Avg Size of male: Height: 9-10 Weight: 8-11
Avg Size of Female: Height: 9-10 Weight: 8-11
Other Name: Sydney silky, Australian silky terrier

Health
• Major concerns: none
• Minor concerns: intervertebral disc disease, elbow dysplasia, patellar luxation, Legg – Perthes
• Occasionally seen: diabetes, epilepsy, tracheal collapse
• Suggested tests: elbow, knee
• Life span: 11 – 14 years

History
In the late 1800s, Yorkshire terriers were brought to Australia from England. These dogs had striking steel-blue and tan coat coloration and were bred with the native blue and tan Australian terriers in an effort to improve the latter's coat color while retaining its more robust conformation. Both the Yorkshire terrier and the Australian terrier were rather recent developments from crosses of a number of other terrier breeds. Some of the descendents from these crosses were shown as Yorkshire terriers and some as Australian terriers. A few, however, were exhibited under a new name — silky terrier — because it was felt that they were the beginning of a separate breed, intermediate in size and coat length between its parental stock. Interbreeding these silkies did, in fact, produce a true breeding strain within a short time. Because the breed was developed in two separate areas of Australia, separate breed standards were drawn up from each area in 1906 and 1910, with weight being the major disagreement. In 1926, a revised standard encompassing all areas was accepted, with accepted weights being somewhat of a compromise. The breed was popularly known as the Sydney silky terrier in Australia until its name was changed to Australian silky terrier in 1955. In America, its name was changed to silky terrier in 1955, just prior to its recognition by the AKC. Although not a rare breed, the silky terrier has been somewhat slow to attract admirers and is only moderately popular.



General Appearance
The Silky Terrier is a true "toy terrier". He is moderately low set, slightly longer than tall, of refined bone structure, but of sufficient substance to suggest the ability to hunt and kill domestic rodents. His coat is silky in texture, parted from the stop to the tail and presents a well groomed but not sculptured appearance. His inquisitive nature and joy of life make him an ideal companion.


Size, Proportion, Substance
Size - Shoulder height from nine to ten inches. Deviation in either direction is undesirable. Proportion - The body is about one fifth longer than the dog's height at the withers. Substance - Lightly built with strong but rather fine bone.


Head
The head is strong, wedge-shaped, and moderately long. Expression piercingly keen, eyes small, dark, almond shaped with dark rims. Light eyes are a serious fault. Ears are small, V-shaped, set high and carried erect without any tendency to flare obliquely off the skull. Skull flat, and not too wide between the ears. The skull is slightly longer than the muzzle. Stop shallow. The nose is black. Teeth strong and well aligned, scissors bite. An undershot or overshot bite is a serious fault.


Neck, Topline and Body
The neck fits gracefully into sloping shoulders. It is medium long, fine, and to some degree crested. The topline is level. A topline showing a roach or dip is a serious fault. Chest medium wide and deep enough to extend down to the elbows. The body is moderately low set and about one fifth longer than the dog's height at the withers. The body is measured from the point of the shoulder (or forechest) to the rearmost projection of the upper thigh (or point of the buttocks). A body which is too short is a fault, as is a body which is too long. The tail is docked, set high and carried at twelve to two o'clock position.


Forequarters
Well laid back shoulders, together with proper angulation at the upper arm, set the forelegs nicely under the body. Forelegs are strong, straight and rather fine-boned. Feet small, catlike, round, compact. Pads are thick and springy while nails are strong and dark colored. White or flesh-colored nails are a fault. The feet point straight ahead, with no turning in or out. Dewclaws, if any, are removed.


Hindquarters
Thighs well muscled and strong, but not so developed as to appear heavy. Well angulated stifles with low hocks which are parallel when viewed from behind. Feet as in front.


Coat
Straight, single, glossy, silky in texture. On matured specimens the coat falls below and follows the body outline. It should not approach floor length. On the top of the head, the hair is so profuse as to form a topknot, but long hair on the face and ears is objectionable. The hair is parted on the head and down over the back to the root of the tail. The tail is well coated but devoid of plume. Legs should have short hair from the pastern and hock joints to the feet. The feet should not be obscured by the leg furnishings.


Color
Blue and tan. The blue may be silver blue, pigeon blue or slate blue, the tan deep and rich. The blue extends from the base of the skull to the tip of the tail, down the forelegs to the elbows, and half way down the outside of the thighs. On the tail the blue should be very dark. Tan appears on muzzle and cheeks, around the base of the ears, on the legs and feet and around the vent. The topknot should be silver or fawn which is lighter than the tan points.


Gait
Should be free, light-footed, lively and straightforward. Hindquarters should have strong propelling power. Toeing in or out is to be faulted.


Temperament
The keenly alert air of the terrier is characteristic, with shyness or excessive nervousness to be faulted. The manner is quick, friendly, responsive.


Approved October 10, 1989
Effective November 30, 1989


Related Dogs
Affenpinscher
Brussels Griffon
Maltese 摩天使
Manchester Terrier (Toy)
Miniature Pinscher
Yorkshire Terrier 約瑟爹利

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2008-2-19 04:02 AM 編輯 ]


實用相關搜尋: 英文 MBA 眼睛

kimba

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品種名稱：查理王小獵犬         
英文名稱： King Charles Spaniel
體型分類：小型
犬種分類：玩賞犬



歷史：
原產地英國,起源於15世紀。

很古老的品種,是一種活潑、文雅、勻稱的玩具犬，非常華麗而且大方。具有喜歡運動、勇敢的特點，是文雅、可愛的動物。天然的貴族氣質，顯示了真正的高貴和王室風貌。長毛小獵犬在17世紀的歐洲宮廷很常見，常出現在當時的各種油畫中，深受英王查理一世和查理二世喜愛，因此命名為查理王小獵犬。也是幾個世紀以來英國最流行的大眾化的玩賞犬。今天在英國仍然很受歡迎，註冊數量在玩賞犬中僅次於約克夏梗。後來培育出了本品種體型較大的衍生種，為了區別於小獵犬，命名新種為騎士查理王獵犬並在1945年被全英養狗人俱樂部作為一個單獨的品種予以註冊承認。


外觀：
頭部與身體的比例勻稱，大小適當。重要特徵之一是表情很甜蜜、文雅而溫柔。眼睛大且圓，但不突出，距離適中；顏色是溫和的、非常深的褐色,看起來清澈明亮。眼圈黑色。耳朵位置高，長有許多飾毛，寬寬長長的垂耳。警惕時，耳朵會向臉部輕微煽動。腦袋稍稍有點圓。整個口吻是呈輕微的錐狀。鼻鏡純黑色，鼻孔發達。嘴唇發達但不下垂，末端乾淨利落。頸部長短恰當，沒有鬆弛的喉部，肌肉發達並形成輕微的弧度。與肩精巧的銜接，使外觀顯得文雅。背線行動時和站立時都保持水平。身體軀幹短，肋骨緊密結合，結實而有力，但不是桶狀胸。胸深適度，與肘部齊平。尾巴位置靠前，大部分時間不卷在背上，運動時尾巴不動是它的典型特徵。步態文雅舒展，後軀推動力強。

被毛中等長度、絲質、捲曲，輕微的波浪形也可以接受。耳朵、胸部、腿上和尾巴上長有長長的飾毛，而且腳上的飾毛是這一品種特有的。顏色有雙色（濃重的栗色上，分佈著珍珠白的斑塊。耳朵必須是栗色的，顏色均勻的分佈在頭上和兩眼周圍。臉中間有白色筋，白筋也許呈菱形斑）、三色（濃黑色上分佈著珍珠白的斑塊。耳朵必須是黑色的，顏色均勻的分佈在頭上和兩眼周圍。臉中間有白色筋，眼睛上，在臉頰上，耳朵上和尾根處有許多褐色斑塊）、火紅色（ 清一色的深紅，眼睛上，臉頰上，耳朵上，胸部，腿和尾根處有亮褐色的斑塊）等。


體型：
肩高；體重與身高相當，體重。一個小小的，比例協調的狗當然讓人滿意，但這只是理想的身高和體重，因此有些輕微的出入是可以被接受的。[比例]身體的比例接近正方形，不過，從肩到臀的長度略大於肩高，從肘尖到地的距離等於肩高的一半。[宗旨]骨量中等、比例勻稱。雜亂和粗糙都被視為缺陷。
身高：12~13英吋
體重：13~18磅

頭部特徵：與身體的比例勻稱，看起來既不顯得太大，也不顯得太小。表情-甜蜜、文雅、溫柔的表情是這一品種的重要特徵。
眼睛：大且圓，但不突出，距離適中；顏色是溫和的、非常深的褐色。看起來清澈明亮。眼圈是黑色的。當它溫柔的看著你的時候，你能感覺到它眼神中的柔情。[缺點]小，杏仁狀，突出或顏色淺的眼睛；白眼圈。

耳朵：耳朵位置高，但兩耳距離不能太近，在頭部上方。長有許多飾毛的，寬寬長長的垂耳，所以當狗警惕時，耳朵會向臉部輕微煽動。
腦袋：稍稍有點圓，但不像圓屋頂或山包那樣隆起；由於耳朵位置的關係，看起來應該顯得比較平坦。止端(臉上的凹點)適中，既不太淺，也不太深。

口吻：整個口吻是呈輕微的錐狀，從止端到鼻尖的長度約1 1/2英吋。眼睛則恰到好處的添滿臉上的其他位置。任何傾向於SINPINESS都不被接受。鼻鏡應該是純黑色，不應該出現肉色斑紋，鼻孔發達。嘴唇發達但不下垂，末端乾淨利落。[缺點]尖銳或過細的口吻。
咬合：正確、整齊且完美的剪狀咬合當然是首選，不然的話，上齒與下齒接近重疊並且位於頜部內恰當的位置，也能接受。[缺點]下顎突出式咬合，不牢固的或彎曲的牙齒，歪的頜部。


頸部及身體：
頸部：長短恰當，沒有鬆弛的喉部，肌肉發達並形成輕微的弧度。與肩精巧的銜接，使外觀顯得文雅。
背線：行動時和站立時都保持水平。

身體：軀幹短，肋骨緊密結合，結實而有力，但不能是桶狀胸。胸深適度，與肘部齊平，使胸腔有足夠的空間。身體在最後一根肋骨以後的部分略細，但沒有明顯的收腹。

尾巴：位置靠前，恰當的支撐著，但大部分時間是不卷在背上的，當狗在運動時，尾巴不動是它的典型特徵。可以斷尾。如果斷尾，斷去的長度不得超過總長度的三分之一。

前肢：
肩與背銜接良好，前肢直且肘部緊貼身體側面，腕部強壯，趾爪緊湊，腳墊厚實，狼爪可能已被切除。

後肢：
整個後軀應該擁有寬度合適的骨盆和恰當的肌肉；後膝關節角度恰當且飛節在後膝關節下同一直線上。從背後看，兩條後肢自飛節至腳跟部分相互平行。缺點：牛肢或鐮刀腿。


皮毛： 中等長度、絲質、捲曲的被毛。輕微的波浪形也可以接受。耳朵、胸部、腿上和尾巴上長有長長的飾毛，而且腳上的飾毛是這一品種特有的。被毛修剪是不允許的。比賽中，修剪被毛、修理被毛或造假都會受到嚴厲的懲罰甚至取消比賽資格。但修剪腳底毛是可以的。


顏色：
雙色（布倫海姆）：濃重的栗色上，分佈著珍珠白的斑塊。耳朵必須是栗色的，顏色均勻的分佈在頭上和兩眼周圍。臉中間有白色筋，白筋也許呈菱形或"布倫海姆斑"。菱形白筋是最理想的，雖然不是布倫海姆色所特有的和必須的。

三色：濃黑色上，分佈著珍珠白的斑塊。耳朵必須是黑色的，顏色均勻的分佈在頭上和兩眼周圍。臉中間有白色筋，眼睛上，在臉頰上，耳朵上和尾根處有許多褐色斑塊。

火紅色：清一色的深紅，眼睛上，臉頰上，耳朵上，胸部，腿和尾根處有亮褐色的斑塊。缺點：雙色和三色顏色過重，在紅色、黑色或褐色位置出現白斑。


步態： 文雅而且不費力，前肢舒展、結實，後軀推動力強。從側面看時，步幅恰當，從正面和後面看時，行走呈直線，這是因為具有健全的骨骼及肌肉的原因。


性情：
友善、順從、快樂，不會因為神經質或膽怯而具有攻擊性。比賽中，具有壞脾氣、膽怯、粗魯的狗都要堅決取消比賽資格。

標準通過日期 : 1995年1月10日
標準執行日期 : 1995年4月30日




Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Breed Standard
Toy Group
AKC Ranking: 35
Family: spaniel, companion
Area of Origin: England
Date of Origin: 1600s
Original Function: flushing small birds, lapdog
Today's Function: companion
Avg Size of male: Height: 12-13 Weight: 13-18
Avg Size of Female: Height: 12-13 Weight: 13-18
Other Name: none


Health
• Major concerns: MVI, CHD
• Minor concerns: patellar luxation, entropion
• Occasionally seen: retinal dysplasia
• Suggested tests: cardiac, hip, knee, eye
• Life span: 9 – 14 years
• Note: Cavaliers should not be bred until the age of 5 years, and only after being checked
at that age for MVD.


History
As its name implies, the cavalier King Charles spaniel is derived from spaniel roots. The European toy dogs were probably the result of breeding small spaniels to Oriental toy breeds such as the Japanese Chin and perhaps the Tibetan spaniel. These Tudor lap dogs, known as "comforter spaniels," served as lap and foot warmers, and even surrogate hot-water bottles. In addition, they served the vital function of attracting fleas from their owners' bodies! The toy spaniels became especially popular because they appealed to all members of the family. In the 1700s, King Charles II was so enamored with his toy spaniels that he was accused of ignoring matters of state in favor of his dogs. The dogs were so closely associated with him that they became known as King Charles spaniels. After his death, the Duke of Marlborough took over as the major advocate of the breed; the red and white "Blenheim" color, which was his favorite, is named after his estate. The King Charles spaniel continued to grace the homes of the wealthy for generations, but with time a shorter-nosed dog was preferred. By the early 1900s, the few dogs that resembled the early members of the breed were considered to be inferior. A twist of fate occurred when a wealthy American, Roswell Eldridge, came to England and offered outlandish prize money for the best "pointed-nosed" spaniels — those most resembling the old type. Breeders bred their old-type dogs together in an effort to gain the prize, and in so doing, many came to appreciate the old type. Ironically, these dogs, named cavalier King Charles spaniels in honor of the "cavalier king," eventually outstripped their short-nosed counterparts in popularity, becoming one of the most popular breeds in England. They were slower to catch on in America, and many cavalier owners fought AKC recognition in an effort to control the problems that so often accompany popularity. In 1996, the AKC recognized the cavalier; it is too early to tell whether its popularity


General Appearance
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is an active, graceful, well-balanced toy spaniel, very gay and free in action; fearless and sporting in character, yet at the same time gentle and affectionate. It is this typical gay temperament, combined with true elegance and royal appearance which are of paramount importance in the breed. Natural appearance with no trimming, sculpting or artificial alteration is essential to breed type.


Size, Proportion, Substance
Size - Height 12 to 13 inches at the withers; weight proportionate to height, between 13 and 18 pounds. A small, well balanced dog within these weights is desirable, but these are ideal heights and weights and slight variations are permissible. Proportion - The body approaches squareness, yet if measured from point of shoulder to point of buttock, is slightly longer than the height at the withers. The height from the withers to the elbow is approximately equal to the height from the elbow to the ground. Substance - Bone moderate in proportion to size. Weedy and coarse specimens are to be equally penalized.


Head
Proportionate to size of dog, appearing neither too large nor too small for the body. Expression - The sweet, gentle, melting expression is an important breed characteristic. Eyes - Large, round, but not prominent and set well apart; color a warm, very dark brown; giving a lustrous, limpid look. Rims dark. There should be cushioning under the eyes which contributes to the soft expression. Faults - small, almond-shaped, prominent, or light eyes; white surrounding ring. Ears - Set high, but not close, on top of the head. Leather long with plenty of feathering and wide enough so that when the dog is alert, the ears fan slightly forward to frame the face. Skull - Slightly rounded, but without dome or peak; it should appear flat because of the high placement of the ears. Stop is moderate, neither filled nor deep. Muzzle - Full muzzle slightly tapered. Length from base of stop to tip of nose about 1½ inches. Face well filled below eyes. Any tendency towards snipiness undesirable. Nose pigment uniformly black without flesh marks and nostrils well developed. Lips well developed but not pendulous giving a clean finish. Faults - Sharp or pointed muzzles. Bite - A perfect, regular and complete scissors bite is preferred, i.e. the upper teeth closely overlapping the lower teeth and set square into the jaws. Faults - undershot bite, weak or crooked teeth, crooked jaws.


Neck, Topline, Body
Neck - Fairly long, without throatiness, well enough muscled to form a slight arch at the crest. Set smoothly into nicely sloping shoulders to give an elegant look. Topline - Level both when moving and standing. Body - Short-coupled with ribs well spring but not barrelled. Chest moderately deep, extending to elbows allowing ample heart room. Slightly less body at the flank than at the last rib, but with no tucked-up appearance. Tail - Well set on, carried happily but never much above the level of the back, and in constant characteristic motion when the dog is in action. Docking is optional. If docked, no more than one third to be removed.

Forequarters
Shoulders well laid back. Forelegs straight and well under the dog with elbows close to the sides. Pasterns strong and feet compact with well-cushioned pads. Dewclaws may be removed.

Hindquarters
The hindquarters construction should come down from a good broad pelvis, moderately muscled; stifles well turned and hocks well let down. The hindlegs when viewed from the rear should parallel each other from hock to heel. Faults - Cow or sickle hocks.


Coat
Of moderate length, silky, free from curl. Slight wave permissible. Feathering on ears, chest, legs and tail should be long, and the feathering on the feet is a feature of the breed. No trimming of the dog is permitted. Specimens where the coat has been altered by trimming, clipping, or by artificial means shall be so severly penalized as to be effectively eliminated from competition. Hair growing between the pads on the underside of the feet may be trimmed.


Color
Blenheim - Rich chestnut markings well broken up on a clear, pearly white ground. The ears must be chestnut and the color evenly spaced on the head and surrounding both eyes, with a white blaze between the eyes and ears, in the center of which may be the lozenge or "Blenheim spot." The lozenge is a unique and desirable, though not essential, characteristic of the Blenheim. Tricolor - Jet black markings well broken up on a clear, pearly white ground. The ears must be black and the color evenly spaced on the head and surrounding both eyes, with a white blaze between the eyes. Rich tan markings over the eyes, on cheeks, inside ears and on underside of tail. Ruby - Whole-colored rich red. Black and Tan - Jet black with rich, bright tan markings over eyes, on cheeks, inside ears, on chest, legs, and on underside of tail. Faults - Heavy ticking on Blenheims or Tricolors, white marks on Rubies or Black and Tans.


Gait
Free moving and elegant in action, with good reach in front and sound, driving rear action. When viewed from the side, the movement exhibits a good length of stride, and viewed from front and rear it is straight and true, resulting from straight-boned fronts and properly made and muscled hindquarters.


Temperament
Gay, friendly, non-aggressive with no tendency towards nervousness or shyness. Bad temper, shyness, and meanness are not to be tolerated and are to be severely penalized as to effectively remove the specimen from competition.


Approved Date: January 10, 1995
Effective Date: April 30, 1995


Related Dogs
Chihuahua 芝娃娃
English Toy Spaniel
Japanese Chin
Maltese 摩天使
Papillon
Pekingese 北京狗

[ 本帖最後由 kimba 於 2008-2-21 05:40 AM 編輯 ]


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